Representations Of Disability During The 20th Century

Amita Wanar HSPB W3950 James Colgrove 10/22/15 Representations of Disability in Military Veterans During the 20th Century At the end of the Civil War, Andrew Johnson alleged our nation s supposed investment in our veterans by claiming that â€Å" a grateful people will not hesitate to sanction any measures having for their relief of soldiers mutilated...in an effort to preserve our national existence.† Since then, our changing perception of disabled veterans of military service has affected the success and practice of their rehabilitation. Historians and social scientists have found it difficult to understand the process of identity formation among disabled veterans. This difficulty is rooted in historian’s inability to make sense of the disabled veteran’s history, social position, and representation in culture and discourse. Historian Paul Lawrie, who argues one of many interpretations of how these veterans are represented, believes that the conflation of disability and blackness denied African-American vet erans basic human rights in the time after World War II. However, as racial prejudices slowly improved over the course of the century, historians interpreted other social, political, and cultural forces as main influences of the formation of representation of these veterans. Historians have suggested that, in addition to race, social welfare policy, film, and gender have all worked in cohesion, or in conflict at times, to determine these representations. CharacteristicShow MoreRelatedEssay on Resistance to Colonial Rule in Africa1041 Words   |  5 PagesBy the start of the 20th century, Colonial rule by both the French and the British in Southern Africa had rising expenditure costs. 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Explore how Carol Churchill presents woman in the role of mother in “Top Girls” Free Essays

In the first act, Churchill has created a surreal environment for all of the women. We find, during the course of the meal, that all of the women have things in common. Each of the women had children apart from Isabella. We will write a custom essay sample on Explore how Carol Churchill presents woman in the role of mother in â€Å"Top Girls† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lady Nijo and Griselda however, had to live without knowing their children because of their husbands, in both cases the husbands removed the children. Dull Gret is slightly different, she experienced living with her children and bringing them up, however her oldest and youngest were killed during war. Pope Joan does not know what happened to her baby, as she was stoned to death as soon as she gave birth, she assumes they killed it. Marlene, the leader of the women had a completely different story to tell, however she does not talk of it during Act One. Marlene became pregnant at 17 and let her sister, Joyce adopt the baby because at the time Joyce could not become pregnant. Marlene has since, had two abortions. Griselda, Lady Nijo and Marlene are all similar in the fact that they all had to sacrifice their children for a particular reason. Griselda sacrificed her children to make the man she loved happy. Griselda does not arrive to the meal until quite late, the other women are all drunk and merry and Griselda appears un noticed. She appears polite but shy and does not want to make a fuss but eventually gives into a pudding, â€Å"Oh if everyone is. I don’t mind. † Marlene automatically puts her in the spot light by introducing her as having the â€Å"fairy-story† life. All of the women become interested in Griselda’s story and begin questioning it. Griselda, whilst talking appears still faithful to the Marquis, â€Å"But of course a wife must obey her husband. And of course I must obey the Marquis. Throughout the story of Griselda’s life, Marlene acts as if she is almost showing off that she already knows the story, â€Å"Oh, you wait. † This shows that Marlene feels a need to be included and in control at all times. Unlike Lady Nijo, Griselda spent six weeks with her first born, a girl, Nijo finds this hard to believe, â€Å"Much better t o do it straight away. † Only Nijo truly understands Griselda’s life and she has been put in the same position, Marlene finds it an outrage that she let the Walter take her baby, â€Å"Walter was bonkers† and obviously, it will be hard for Gret to accept as she brought up her own children, â€Å"Bastard†. Even when everybody else is being un fair and negative about Walter, Griselda remains with her upbeat attitude, whilst still shy she shows her feelings. Griselda takes up much of the conversation when she arrives, and when this conversation has ended she doesn’t talk much more. Throughout Act One and throughout Griselda’s life story Lady Nijo listens, and doesn’t talk an awful lot about her background and history. She talks about her past in and amongst everyone else’s conversation, although they listen to her, they do not pay as much attention to her as they do to Griselda. Lady Nijo does not appear as hurt and as faithful to her children as Griselda did to hers, this is probably because Griselda spent a short time with her children and Nijo did not. Lady Nijo’s first baby was Akenbono’s, a girl and he received it and brought it up with his wife. Her second, was to an unknown and the third and fourth children were Ariake the priests. Nijo never saw her third child after it was born and admits feeling nothing at all for her third son, her fourth child. I think that this is because Ariake had died before the birth and she was still grieving him, â€Å"I didn’t want to see anyone. In Act Two Scene Two we are introduced to Marlene, a character brought in from Act One, Joyce, Marlene’s sister, Angie, Joyce’s daughter and Marlene’s niece and Kit, Angie’s friend. The following scene concentrates mainly on Marlene’s niece, Angie and her younger friend, Kit. We begin to realise that Angie maybe slightly â€Å"simple† and troubled as she talks to Kit about controlling objects with her mind and things falling from the walls in her house, â€Å"Last night I was in bed and suddenly a picture fell down off the wall. The pair continually ignore Angie’s mother, Joyce, shouting them from the house. This shows disrespect of the children to their mother. The childlike attitude of the children continues throughout the play, they continue to ignore the mother shouting and continue bantering as children would, â€Å"I don’t want her to like me. † This eventually progresses into Angie suggesting that Joyce is not her biological mother, and Marlene, her aunt, is. â€Å"I think I’m my aunts child. I think my mother’s really my aunt. For a girl of Angie’s mentality to suggest something as complex as this must suggest that her and Joyce do not have a loving, sharing relationship, however, Angie’s only explanation for this suggestion is â€Å"my mother hates her. † We learn further on in Scene Two that Joyce does not think very highly of Angie â€Å"I don’t know who’d have her, mind. † This seems stranger for a mother to say to another child about her own daughter. This is possibly where Churchill is trying to insinuate that, at heart, Joyce does not care for her child as much as a normal mother would. Showing cracks in the couples, mother daughter relationship. Another loss of respect between Joyce and Angie is shown when Joyce calls her a â€Å"Fucking rotten little cunt. † And states â€Å"You can stay there and die†, this either shows that Joyce is now sick of Angie not listening to her or if she just does not have enough respect for her. Act Three actually happens a year before Act Two happens. Therefore the old dress that Angie puts on in Act Two, is the dress that Marlene gives her as a present in Act Three. Marlene and Joyce seem to have an awkward relationship, they are constantly bickering when Marlene first arrives, â€Å"I don’t mind seeing you. â€Å"Great, I feel really welcome. † The pair wait until Angie has gone to bed before talking about her and her life, Angie refuses to go to sleep fore quite a while because her aunty is there, but eventually she gives in. Joyce then begins to talk about Angie, â€Å"I don’t know how you could leave your own child. â€Å", Marlene does not react badl y to this vicious statement, she simply replies, â€Å"You were quick enough to take her. † I feel that this shows that Marlene does not know how much Joyce has done for her. She obviously does not appreciate that Joyce has brought Angie up the best that she could so that Marlene could move away and concentrate on her career. Joyce begins to take ownership of Angie as the argument continues, showing that she has a bond with her child, motherly love. â€Å"Course I do, she’s my child. † Instead of moving away and getting a job and making money, Joyce took Marlene’s baby and gave it a life. The relationship between Marlene and Joyce begins to break up as the two begin to blame each other for the mistakes they have made in life, â€Å"I did get pregnant and I lost it because I was so tired looking after your fucking baby. The Act ends with Joyce and Marlene apologising and Joyce going to bed, leaving Marlene alone to have another drink. Angie then wakes up calling for her mother and walks downstairs, when Angie realises that its Marlene sat there and Joyce has gone to bed she only mutters two words, â€Å"frightening† â€Å"frig htening†. This symbolises Angie’s weirdness and simple mindedness. Is she speaking about the conversation between Joyce and Marlene or is she speaking about the fact that she thought Marlene was her mother ? How to cite Explore how Carol Churchill presents woman in the role of mother in â€Å"Top Girls†, Papers

Ford and Taylorism in Australia-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Would workers in Australia, America or Europe accept the Taylorism in this form today? 2.Discuss about Thomas Friedman statement on Globalisation. Answers: 1.E-learning activities Taylorism is a production proficiency approach that breaks each activity, task, or assignment into little and straightforward sections which can be effectively broke down and taught. Presented in the mid twentieth century, Taylorism expects to accomplish greatest division of tasks to limit expertise necessities and employment learning time. It isolates execution of work from work-arranging and isolates coordinate work from indirect labor by replacing it with dependable guideline profitability measurements with exact estimations. It also presents time and movement study for ideal employment execution, cost accounting, device and work station design, and makes conceivable installment by-result strategy for wage assurance (Maier, 2007). However, when the methodology was implemented, it was an era of poor working conditions that prohibited employees from socializing during working hours. The circumstances were so bad that employees had to be permitted by their supervisors to answer calls of nature (YouTube, 2016). According to the video segment, it also shows that internal relations were not allowed as employees were expected to work without communicating with each other. Besides, workers who were members of labor unions were not allowed into the Ford Company and spies were employed to ensure that this was maintained (Maier, 2007). So would todays employees work under these conditions? The labor market today consists of different players namely, the employees, employers, trade unions and the government. Each of these parties have a crucial role in the job market that would make it challenging for the Taylorism approach to apply today. First, the government is responsible for regulating the basic wage rates which is a role that is reinforced by the trade unions (Littler, 2008). On the other hand, labor unions are actively involved in defending the rights of employees to ensure that their employers are not exploiting them. Companies today uphold employee relations limiting the applicability of Taylorism. Lastly, due to globalization and increased awareness of individual rights, employees can speak out where organizations have poor working conditions (Maier, 2007). As such, Taylorism would hardly work in Australia, Europe or America. Taking into consideration the designing of call centers, an element of Taylorism exists. Each employee responds to calls that are passed to them based on their expertise. This ensures that the customer receives appropriate feedback and customer care services. It also ensures that employees are qualified to undertake the task rather than answering call that are beyond their expertise. Since Taylorism aims to divide labor into smaller tasks that require limited expertise, Call centers have used this approach to design their scripts to ensure that information provided is given by an expert in the relevant field (Bain, et al., 2002). Today, globalization and technology are the leading trends that every nation seeks to uphold. As such, the clip on Taylorism may not be applicable in most countries since despite upholding division of labor, it advocated for poor working conditions and lack of employee relations. However, some ideas generated by this clip are quite applicable especially in third world countries. These states are characteristic by high levels of poverty, labor intensive industry and unskilled labor. As such the Taylorism approach would work. First the method advocates for division of tasks into smaller units in to ensure that workers assigned to these tasks can complete them (Littler, 2008). Since the people in third world counties are unskilled, this method would be applicable by reducing training time for employees and the time take to complete tasks. Secondly, as the states have labor intensive industries, this would ensure that a larger population is employed to reduce the dependency ratio. Howeve r, it is expected that the implementation of Taylorism in this nations would be faced by some barriers. Due to globalization, the advocating of employee rights has increased and spread all over the globe, therefore, not all elements of Taylorism may be upheld (Maier, 2007). 2.According to Friedman, the world is currently experiencing the third level of Globalization.in the first phase of Globalization 1.0, which started around 1492, the world went from an estimate extensive size to measure medium. In Globalization 2.0, the time that acquainted the universe with multinational organizations, it went from measure medium to an estimated tiny. And after that around 2000 began Globalization 3.0, where the world decreased from small to tiny. There's a distinction between having the capacity to make long separation telephone calls less expensive on the Internet and the ability to access any information via Google on a portable device anywhere. It's a distinction in degree that is so huge it turns into a distinction in kind (YouTube, 2008). Friedman has attributed the flattening of the globe to ten factors. First he identifies the fallen Berlin Wall that lead to the shift in world power towards the democracies. Secondly the development and actualization of the fiber-optic cables that has facilitated faster access to the internet and coordination among employees. Thirdly, open, out, in, and off-sourcing as some of the strategies that have increased efficiencies by utilizing the comparative advantages of different sources. Lastly, the use of wireless devices and in-forming allows people to access information despite the location. This has created awareness and eliminated the competitive advantage for most faculties. However those are not the main risks involved. Friedman argues that the spread of terrorism is one of the risks that the world faces due to globalization flattening. The ability to access information via the internet and hacking of personal devices has enabled terrorist groups to perpetuate their activities. I do agree with Friedmans iron rule of flat world. In his suggestion, Friedman identifies that with the current trend in globalization, competition no longer exist between countries nor companies, and it now prevails between a person and their imagination. As such, people should strive to be innovative and actualize ideas and concepts that have not be identified before (YouTube, 2008). While the risks of globalization and its benefits are argued by Friedman and his Critics, it is important to note that this trend is not uniform. The developed nation tend to experience more of globalization than the third world economies. Most of these nations still have high levels of illiteracy and poverty. Besides, these countries seeks to actualize democracy and the balance of power. Corruption is one of the problems that third world countries face. For such, globalization has not been experience in high levels (Dunning, 2014). Most of the companies incorporated in these economies are domestic and are dealing with foreign competition due to dumping. Secondly, access to basic amenities such as electricity and water has only been partially achieved. In relation to the developed countries, emerging and developing countries lack the capital-intensive industry and production is more of subsistence rather than mass production (Kumar, and Liu, 2005). Therefore, it is false to state tha t globalization is uniform. Conclusion Taylorism is an approach that entails the division of tasks into smaller units to increase efficiency and reduce employee training time. While this method could still be employed in labor intensive nations, the working conditions that exists around its structure are not recommended. On the other hand, globalization has reduced the world to tiny size where people are expected to compete with their imagination unlike when competition existed between nations and companies. References Bain, P., Watson, A., Mulvey, G., Taylor, P. and Gall, G., 2002. Taylorism, targets and the pursuit of quantity and quality by call centre management. New Technology, Work and Employment, 17(3), pp.170-185. Dunning, J.H., 2014. The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Kumar, S. and Liu, D., 2005. Impact of globalisation on entrepreneurial enterprises in the world markets. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 2(1), pp.46- Littler, C.R., 2008. Understanding taylorism. British Journal of Sociology, pp.185-202. Maier, C.S., 2007. Between Taylorism and Technocracy: European ideologies and the vision of industrial productivity in the 1920s. Journal of contemporary history, 5(2), pp.27-61. YouTube. 2016. Frederick Taylor Scientific Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNfy_AHG-MU [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. YouTube. 2008. Thomas Friedman's Three Eras of Globalization. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lp4znWHvsjU [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017]. YouTube. 2008. What Thomas Friedman means when he says "The World is Flat". [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oM2BguxRSyY [Accessed 18 Aug. 2017].

Summary and Responce Essay Example

Summary and Responce Essay Who could possibly take any interest in someone who has spent their entire life in an asylum? This story portrays how the life of a young girl with little to no real life experiences living In an asylum is going to live a life of Interest. Daddy Long Legs a book by Jean Webster tells the story of Seraph Abbott whose life takes a drastic turn after learning that a mysterious benefactor referred to as Mr.. John Smith by Mrs.. Lappet. Mr.. Smith takes an unusual Interest In MISS. Abbots education. In the past, e has sent only male students to higher educations. In exchange for her education and monthly allowance, Seraph Abbott is required to write a letter every month, for which she will never expect a reply. Seraph grew up in an asylum where she was the oldest; meaning she had the responsibility of making sure the little ones were ready in the morning and ready for bed at night among many other chores. They were not fed the highest quality of food, and had to wear other peoples old clothes. She often got stared at school from the other girls whom had nice clothing. During one of the monthly visits from the trustees, Mrs.. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Responce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Responce specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Responce specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lappet informs Seraph that Mr.. John Smith who she later refers to as Daddy Long Legs Is a rich man has offered to be her benefactor for her college studies. He has heard from her former teachers and knows that she Is an excellent writer. This direct quote from when she Is Informed that Mr.. Smith wants to sent her to school to become a writer describes what Is expected from her. That is his wish. Whether anything will come of it, the future will show. He is giving you a very liberal allowance, almost, for a girl who has never had any experience in taking care of money, too liberal. But he planned the matter in detail, and I did not feel free to make any suggestions. You are to remain here through the summer, and Miss Pritchard has kindly offered to superintend your outfit. Your board and tuition will be paid directly to the college, and you will receive in addition during the four years you are there, an allowance of thirty-five dollars a month. This will enable you to enter on the same standing as the other students. The money will be sent to you by the gentlemans private secretary once a month, and in return, you will rite a letter of acknowledgment once a month. That Is?you are not to thank him for the money; he doesnt care to have that mentioned, but you are to write a letter telling of the progress in your studies and the details of your daily life. Just such a letter as you would write to your parents if they were living. (7) After enrolling in an all girls college on the east coast, one of the first things that Seraph does is change her name to Judy. She feels that by changing her name it will allow her to fit in better with her peers. Here is excerpt from one of the letters that she writes to Mr.. Smith describing her new living arrangements There are three other girls on the same floor of the tower?a Senior who wears spectacles and is always asking us please to be a little more quiet, and two Freshmen named Sallies McBride and Julia Rutledge Pendleton. Sallies has red hair and a turn-up nose and Is quite friendly; Julia comes from one of the first females In New York and hasnt noticed me yet. They room together and the Senior and I have singles. Usually Freshmen cant get singles; they re very scarce, but I got one without even asking. I suppose the registrar didnt think it would be right to ask a properly brought-up girl to room with a foundling. You see This first chapter was extraordinarily assembled where you become familiarized with how Caesuras current life has been impacted by the struggles of being brought up as an orphan in an asylum. In high school she was teased for the way she dressed. In college she was made fun of for not knowing famous authors and for not have read famous books, some as popular as The Little Women or Mother Goose. Everyone around her had grown up with a normal life. The differences in her upbringing versus those surrounding her was easy to hide. Seraph spent many hours reading books to educate herself and to make her life easier by allowing her to communicate with her peers. Im a foreigner in the world and I dont understand the language. Its a miserable feeling. Ive had it all my life. At the high school the girls would stand in groups and Just look at me. I was queer and different and everybody knew it. I could FEEL John Greer Home written on my face. (13) This book ay be a little outdated, but it is still an amiable novel. Thinking back to the beginning, it was sometimes grueling to follow the storyline. One of the difficulties in reading this was on how Judy sometimes wrote everyday multiple times a day to only monthly. This novel is worthwhile of the time it took to finish reading it. Anyone who enjoys getting caught up in such well rounded characters and viewing their lives through their own eyes will enjoy this book. Jean Webster created a wonderful piece of work describing in detail how this young lady learns more about herself as she grows up.

Sample Outline Essay on Alzheimers

Sample Outline Essay on AlzheimersSample Outline Essay on Alzheimers is one of the most important steps to writing a paper. It is so important that it would be really, really easy for an impulsive student to forget to create a great one. This is exactly why making a well-thought out and well-structured sample outline for one's paper is so important.An outline for a paper should have three key facts in it. In this article I will show you how. Please bear with me as I break down what the first and third fact should be.First, your sample outline should consist of a Key Fact. You should know what the topic of your paper is. Also, a Key Fact can contain two or more concepts that you will use to analyze the research and conclusions that you will come up with.Next, you should explain what the major concept is of your research. That means, you should go into detail about what the major concept is and what the value of that concept is to your analysis.Finally, you should outline what the diff erent parts of your research will look like. When you do this, you will come up with a page that will represent the different parts of your paper.When you write a paper, you don't just write it down but you also learn how to structure it and organize it. When you write a good outline, you will learn how to work with that information to make it easier to read and understand. Make sure that you include at least three sections of the paper.As I mentioned earlier, there are so many other things that the outline has to have importance in. They can include things like an Introduction, Conclusions, an Introduction, Methods, and a Subject of Discussion.Writing a good paper isn't easy, but it is definitely worth the effort. If you can apply this outline to your own paper, you will have a much easier time coming up with an outline and writing the other parts of the paper.

5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Et Al.

5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Et Al. 5 Things You Didnt Know About Using Et Al. The phrase et al. is an integral part of many referencing systems, but it is also commonly misused in academic documents. Read on to find out more! 1. What Does Et Al. Mean? The phrase et al. is Latin for et alia, which means and others. It is therefore used in some referencing systems when there are too many authors to name in a single citation. 2. When Should I Use Et Al.? This depends on the referencing system used by your college, so remember to check your style guide! In most systems, however, it should  only ever be used when you are citing a source with more than three authors. The exact number of authors required before you should use et al. varies between referencing systems. In addition, some systems only use this term for repeat citations of sources with several authors (with all authors named in the first citation). 3. Should I Use It in the Bibliography? Not usually. As above, this may depend on the referencing system youre using, but typically the only place to use et al. is in the main text of your document. This is because most referencing systems specify naming every author in the bibliography or reference list. Some systems make an exception to this rule if the work you are citing has more than six or seven authors. APA referencing, for instance, specifies listing the first six names for sources with more than seven authors, followed by an ellipsis and the final named author. For a journal article with ten named authors, then, APA would require naming the first sixth and the tenth in your reference list. You have to feel a little sorry for authors seven through nine. 4. Do I Need the Period After Al.? Yes! Al. is a shortening of alia and always  needs a period to show that the word has been shortened, in the same way that we use a full stop for etc. and other Latin phrases. 5. Do I Need to Capitalize the Et? No! It is not a proper noun and would not usually appear at the start of a sentence. As such, it would be odd to capitalize it. It can be tricky to get little details like this right all the way through your essay. As such, if you want some help checking it over, just get in touch! We can help with all aspects of your work, including  proofreading,  formatting and checking the consistency of your references.

Words for Winter Sports in Spanish

Words for Winter Sports in Spanish Most Spanish-speaking countries arent known for the winter sports, even though some of the worlds best skiing, even if less developed than elsewhere, can be found in some of them. As a result, many of the Spanish words for winter sports have been imported, so if youre ever skiing in the Andes of South America or in the Pyrenees of Spain, dont be surprised to hear statements or phrases like hacemos snowboard and el halfpipe. Such linguistic adaptations shouldnt be surprising. After all, English words such as ski and slalom come from Norwegian. Importing from other languages is one of the most common ways for a languages to grow, and Spanish is no exception. Pronunciation of imported words generally more or less follows that of the originating language with some variations. For example, the h of hockey may not be silent, and the word may end up sounding something like the English hokey. Here are the Spanish words for some of the most common winter and snow sports such as those you would find at the Winter Olympics: biathlon - biatlà ³n bobsleigh - bobsleigh cross-country skiing - esquà ­ de fondo, esquà ­ nà ³rdico curling - curling downhill skiing - esquà ­ alpino figure skating - patinaje artà ­stico (sobre hielo) (a skate is un patà ­n)hockey - hockey (sobre hielo) luge - luge short-track skating - patinaje en pista corta, patinaje short-track skeleton - skeleton, esquà ©leton skiing - esquiar (a ski is un esquà ­)ski jump - salto de esquà ­ slalom - eslalon snowboarding - snowboard, surfear en nieve, surf blanco (a snowboard is un snowboard, una plancha para nieve or una tabla para nieve)speed skating - patinaje de velà ³cidad (sobre hielo)