Number 40 - Analytical Essay - 881 Words

------------------------------------------------- Analytical Essay – Number 40 ‘’When she picked up the receiver, Melissa realised she didnt know Simons number. She always just scrolled down to his name on her mobile.’’ This is how the narrator of Sarah Butler’s short story ‘’Number 40’’ describes Melissa’s loss of memory, which is chasing her throughout the story. The numerous attempts to fantasise her away from her lonely invisible everyday life culminate in the end, and she has to face the reality. These are some of the difficulties we are dealing with in the short story, through the actions and thoughts of the Melissa. The story is told through a third person limited narrator, who follows Melissa throughout the story. The†¦show more content†¦Simon does not psychically appear in the story, and we only know him through Melissa. He is, supposedly, Melissa’s partner, and they have bought a house in which they live. There is no dialogue between this ‘’couple’’, and the memories that Melissa describes can be considered as fabricated. It appears repeatedly in the story that Melissa thinks of Simons colleague Emma, and feels jealous and scared: ‘’She saw Simon, walking along the other side of the street (†¦) And then she thought maybe he was talking to that girl — Emma or Emily. Instead of calling out to him, Melissa stayed where she was’’ (p. 4, l. 133-139). Emma might be Simons partner, and Melissa feels lonely and invisible. She admires Simon without confronting him, and thinks too deeply before moving on. Rain is a recurring element in the story, which symbolises Melissas loneliness. The rain has a negative influence on her, and it washes her memories away: She stared at her umbrella, like a fallen bird at here feet, and watched the rain make dark pools in its folds (p. 4 l. 132-133). The dark pools in the folds of the umbrella symbolise the black hole in her memory, and the things, which only exist in her imagination. The short story begins and ends with rain, indicating that Melissa has not come closer to Simon. When Melissa sees Emma getting off the bus, she notices the way the umbrella is held: ‘’The girl got off to Melissas stop, and Melissa watched here go down theShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of The Female Students1281 Words   |  6 Pagesinstruments for data collection include the following: 3.4.1 Essay writing Test It was designed to measure the performance of the female students of the 5th secondary grade in writing different types of essays (see Appendix 1). The purpose of this test is to compare the effectiveness of using the brainstorming teaching method with that of the conventional method. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental procedures, an essay writing post-test has been conducted to both groups ofRead MoreEffects Of Deforestation On A Whole World Essay822 Words   |  4 Pageswith a number of benefits and remarkable opportunities to explore the world. However, the proximity to the modernity has resulted in a number of negative effects, and the diminishing amount of the forestry or greenery is one of the most significant problems. This issue has been a major topic of research and discussion for ages. But different researchers have tried to find out the vitality of this problem from varied dimensions. This paper attempts to submit my proposal for the researc h essay on theRead MoreBusiness Management617 Words   |  3 PagesLDS 404: Leadership and Change Sessions FY 2012-13 Instructor Name Len Chapman Phone Number(s) Office: 800.888.862.9950, X1514 Cell: 916.616.3310 Email len.chapman@myunion.edu Course Description The course focuses on how leaders use and apply change theories to craft and execute strategic management decisions. The course introduces best practices for leading and implementing change that addresses: leader / follower relations, their effect on corporate culture, employee resistanceRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of What The Numbers Show About N.f. L. Player Arrests727 Words   |  3 Pages Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"What the Numbers Show About N.F.L. Player Arrests† Neil Irwin’s â€Å"What the Numbers Show About N.F.L. Player Arrests† takes a strongly analytical look at N.F.L. player’s arrest records. Using a database from USA Today, Irwin forms that data into easy to process statistics and graphs. He then goes on to make theories to explain correlations we find in this data. The writer leans heavily on the use of statistics, but also uses Appeal to the Opposition, and Concrete ExamplesRead MoreFinancial Analysis : Japans Financial Markets1191 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Governance Code and a year earlier Stewardship Code. Even though some efforts towards corporate governance and transparency have been made in Japan previously, specifically introduction of dual system in 2003, they did not gain popularity. Only 40 out of 3,000 firms adopted this system immediately rising to 112 five years later. However, these codes were necessary due to the pressure from foreigners investing and doing business in Japan, several scan dals such as Olympus 2011-2012 accounting scandalRead MoreThe Quincy Clinic1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe same time because of work schedules. As well that is is a small town and small clinic, therefore, Julie is not always around. However, I was able to speak to other Human Resource team member of the Moses Lake Community Health Center team. This essay will explore what I discovered while doing my research at the Quincy clinic. Human resources in healthcare Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on the recruitment of, management of, and providing directionRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency, A And Violent Criminal Activities1530 Words   |  7 PagesAngel Martinez Sociology 348 March 26, 2016 Juvenile Delinquency Analytical Essay In the country we live in today the number of juvenile delinquents in America has grown rapidly. There are many different theories on why society may think juveniles commit crimes. Some believe it can be due to that lack of attention or their low self-esteem and even the lack of support they receive from their parents. Delinquency is found in all nations and is particularly popular in highly industrialized nationsRead MoreWorld System Theory : Immanuel Wallerstein980 Words   |  4 Pagescontinuation of a large number of terms in Marxism, such as capital, relations of production, and class, Wallerstein is also regarded as the representative of the new Marxist school. Based on the data of various countries production of commodities, this article analyzes and discusses the production system of contemporary world with the analysis the World System Theory of Wallerstein. The collection and organization of raw data is very important in the writing process of this essay. Firstly, I listedRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest - Analytical Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesAnalytical Essay – One flew over the Cuckoo’s nest. Ken Keseys One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest is a creation of the socio-cultural context of his time. Social and cultural values, attitudes and beliefs informed his invited reading of his text. Ken Kesey was a part of The Beat generation and many of their ideologies and the socio cultural context of U.S post WWII were evident through characters and various discourses throughout One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest, giving us his invited reading. Read MoreChanging The World Through Technology : My Career As A Software Developer1430 Words   |  6 Pagescomputer programming. Throughout their career, developers must keep up to date on new tools and computer languages. (Software Developers) Qualities I possess that make me seem well off for this career are my creativity, problem-solving skills, and my analytical skills, along with many others. People aiming to be a Software developer would have to understand the roles typically taken on during a typical work day, which include being in charge of the entire development process for a software program, designing

Personality Disorders And Eating Disorders - 1925 Words

There are many different types of disorders. I am personally interested in personality disorders and eating disorders. Now that might sound weird, but what I mean is I find it interesting and want to figure out how it effects people. I want to know how it effects people’s daily life. Now a day’s society glorifies personality disorders such as depression and eating disorders in general. Disorders aren’t something to be glorified they are something that some people struggle with and sometimes can’t live with their disorder or illness. There are many types of disorder, from bipolarity to bulimia to schizophrenia. My family has a background of being bipolar or depressed. Some say depression isn’t a mental disorder but it is a serious illness†¦show more content†¦The official definition of a personality disorder is â€Å"a psychopathological condition or group of conditions in which an individual s entire life pattern is considered deviant or n onadaptive although the individual shows neither neurotic symptoms nor psychotic disorganization† according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary. I interpret to mean that there is some pattern of conditions that makes the person seem a divergent compared to other people of the same age group and gender. Even though people have these conditions, they show nothing that makes them seem inconsistent with brain activity or anything like neurosis, which is a class of mental disorders that are derived from distress, but do not include hallucinations or delusions. In the first cluster of disorders, Cluster A, there are three disorders: Paranoid personality disorder (PD), Schizoid personality disorder (PD), and Schizotypal personality disorder (PD). These disorders are classified as odd, bizarre, or eccentric. A person with Paranoid PD has absolutely no trust in others, they are suspicious of everyone and everything, looking for something that would confirm why they feel this distrust f or everything in their lives.

Benjamin Franklin Analysis Free Essays

On Choosing a Mistress â€Å"On Choosing a Mistress† is a letter written by Benjamin Franklin to advise one of his close friends about choosing a mistress. In his 1745 letter, Franklin conveys that marriage is the only remedy for lustful inclinations, but if the friend is determined to stray outside marriage,  Franklin  advices, â€Å"you should prefer old Women to young ones. † Franklin  offers some basic, clean advice: they are more knowledgeable, they are more discreet, they cannot get pregnant, and then he gets down to more lascivious details. We will write a custom essay sample on Benjamin Franklin Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This letter was written by Benjamin Franklin long before he became president of the United States of America, Benjamin at the time was in the midst of his life. This document is unique because it was not intended for the public. The document suggests that Franklin still carried a sense of consciousness and morality, unlike what his critics say. The letter shows that Franklin was undoubtedly a really intelligent person with a sharp way of thinking. Franklin puts every prospect into effect in this letter; this explains why he was successful in life. The significance of this document comes in the fact that it is a personal letter rather than a document published for the public. This is extremely important in analyzing Benjamin Franklin’s personality accurately. Documents that are made for the public usually are written based upon what is accepted by the society, they tend to not include anything that may affect the writers’ reputation. It is clear that the society at the time in which the letter was written is different from today’s society in many ways. American society at the time was much more conservative than it is today. Sexual relationships outside of marriage were considered to be immoral and were shunned by the society. Franklin is wary about not having a person to make the mistake of being found of having an illegal relation or begetting an illegitimate child. The former point may a result of his own experience with his legitimate son William. . In his 6th and 7th point, Franklin puts into effect the guilt of ruining a virgin girl’s life. He furthermore makes it clear that marriage is the most proper way to fulfill sexual desires. This explains that Franklin still has emphasis for morals and ethics. The conclusions about Franklin’s person put forward from this letter could in fact be used to foreshadow the decisions he made in his future, and how he calculated each decision by carefully studying all the negatives and positives. Supporters of Benjamin Franklin regard this letter in contrary with his critics. Supporters may argue that Franklin understood that not everyone was in the right situation to get married. They also argue that the point put out by this was only to be used as a last resort. Benjamin’s critics rather carry a conflicting opinion. These documents have used as means to demoralize Benjamin Franklin by his enemies. They claim that Benjamin was in fact a whoremonger. Regardless of who’s view is more accurate, this letter still demonstrates Franklin’s extraordinary intelligence in critical thinking and decision making. Three Fables Franklin was never content with mere learned argument and syllogism in his campaigns in the press. In 1770, he had written and published three fables teaching the foolishness of punitive measures against the American colonies. These three fables portrayed Franklin’s stunning use of literature for propaganda purposes. These fables also resembled the oppressive measures taken by Britain through the numerous acts which were seen as a heavy burden by the colonists. Franklin portrays the colonies as the cows, the cat, and the lion, while portraying Britain as the farmer, the eagle, and the mastiff. Consequently in all three fables, the weak overcomes the strong, but only as a result of extreme oppression by the strong. These fables may be have been perceived as an indirect threat to the British in colonial America. The fables were published during a time in which there was increasing tension between the colonists and the British. Franklin at the time was appointed as an agent of several colonies to the crown. His job was to convince the king and the parliament to change their policies towards the American colonies. These fables further ascertain Franklin’s enormous talent in literature. Writing such precise and explanatory stories in just a few sentences require a great author, Franklin has proven himself likewise. Franklin attempted to use these fables as political propaganda, as well as to draw support towards the American cause. By getting the English lords and decision makers to view it, Benjamin franklin wanted to make it clear that treating the American colonies as cash cows would certainly backfire. This document draws its significant mainly due to the foreshadowing of the American Revolution. Not many people would probably have taken this writing seriously when it was first published, but some years later and with the beginning of the American Revolution, people would truly start to admire these fables. The British decision makers in which the fables were inscribed probably have showed little interest, that is clearly shown by the fact they continued to ignore the demands of the American colonies. Perhaps the nature of these fables prompted the British decision makers to further ignore the demands because they saw these fables as a challenge, and they wanted to show that they could face such challenges. Franklins has done an excellent job in summoning his literary skills for the American cause. The writing of the â€Å"Three Fables† was a symbolic warning to the English administration. Although the fables sounded threatening, the English parliament still didn’t react seriously to the American demands. Benjamin’s writing was an early foreshadowing of the American Revolution. He has shown that he is indeed a true American patriot. Rules by which A Great empire May Be Reduced to a Small One After failing to secure support in England, Franklin resorted to political satire in order to express the colonies grievances. In the 1770s, even after helping to defeat the Stamp Act and (later) the Townsend Acts, Franklin grew frustrated with the British leaders’ ignorance of America and condescending attitude toward the colonies. Franklin at the time was still an ambassador of several American colonies to Britain. He wrote more essays denouncing British policies towards America. â€Å"Rules  By  Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One† was one of the most known of these essays. The essay was clearly deprecated by the British. Franklin argued that the settlers and their ancestors were the ones who have built and expanded the colonies. Benjamin Franklin has shown that he was a true patriot through this essay. Franklin’s essay was most likely received by widespread discontent by both the public and the authorities in England. The fact that the writing threatened that British colonies may start breaking away has caused many British nationalists to condemn and refuse Franklins ideas. Even some of the lords who held some sympathy for the American cause pulled out their support after this essay was published. The King has probably received this with even wider discontent. It did not only make a direct threat to the kings’ authority, but the points within were more of an order than that of a request. That may have further prompted the British authorities to ignore the requests. Franklin also argued that the colonists and their ancestors are the ones who worked hard to bring the colonies to what they were at the time. Most colonials would have agreed with Franklins reasoning. Many of the American born colonists did not see any real connection with Britain. This shows the deepening division that was occurring between the American colonies and Britain at the time. Although the writing shows that Benjamin franklin would have preferred to prevent violent escalation between Britain and the American colonies, it was clear he put the interest of the American colonies first. Benjamin franklin has pointed out some great points in the document â€Å"Rules  By  Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One†. His ideas which threatened that British colonies may did not sound appealing to people of Britain. This piece of writing also showed the widening rift between Britain and the American colonies. It was also made clear that Franklin put the interest of the American colonies as a priority. Although he sounded strict in some of his points, He has shown that he indeed does have what it takes to be a great leader. How to cite Benjamin Franklin Analysis, Essay examples

Systems Science and Engineering for Urban Areas- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSystems Science and Engineering for Urban Areas. Answer: Introduction The alarming increase in the rate of crimes in various offices and homes in both the rural and urban areas around the world has increased the importance of installing the CCTV cameras as security surveillance system in various infrastructures. The threats to security have been observed to be ranging from kidnapping, armed robbery to the bomb blasts that happen every now and then has been keeping the entire world at an alert all the time to such as extent that no individual can be assured of his or her security. In the previous assignment, it has been elaborated regarding the fact that engineering is the basic sector which provides establishment of almost everything that is present in the world (Alhafidh Allen, 2017). Engineering has integration of various stages of processes in which a product or a service is constantly evolved. The processes of engineering design encompass the aspects of system engineering in every way. It has been observed that including the CCTV camera in the area of system engineering encompasses interdisciplinary means and approach for enabling the identification and realization of the successful surveillance systems. It focuses on the definition of the needs of the customers and needs of functionality in the preliminary phase, design phase and product phase of the development and installation of CCTV camera. It has been noted that the design processes can be applied in the manufacturing of products where these can be restructured to meet the needs of the market and the customers (Bennett Reich, 2014). The proper implementation of the system engineering design in aspects of CCTV camera will be obtained right from the stage of formulation of design and not post operation. A consistent prime element of the phases of manufacturing and designing of the system engineering regarding CCTV camera integrates the representation of the processes and the products in such a way that they may be synthesized and analyzed in an effective way of delivering optimum performance. The concurrency of the process and the products design task has been observed to become identified as extremely valuable in predicting and minimizing the costs of the life cycle (Chen, Wu Hsieh, 2013). It has been observed that longer-term benefits are being obtained from the leverage that resonates with the methodologies of the design over the life cycle if the product. The conceptual stage or the preliminary stage of the system engineering of the CCTV camera is regarding the facilitation of effective functionality to the customers (Choi Lee, 2015). Preliminary design Preliminary system design phase refers to the development and definition of the preferred concept of system and the allocated requirements for the subsystems of the CCTV camera. It has been noted that the purpose of the preliminary system design phase is to demonstrate that the concept of CCTV will confirm the specifications and performance of the design of the CCTV cameras. Preliminary system design phase also addresses the fact that the products associated with the CCTV cameras can be constructed or produced with various available methods. Moreover, it has been noted that the established constraints in the schedule along with the costs can be addressed to in the preliminary design phase (Dechesne, Warnier van den Hoven, 2013). The requirements of the preliminary design phase of the CCTV camera evolve from the design requirements of the system. The various aspects and the methods of the preliminary design evaluation efforts are integrated. It has been further observed that the methods are considered in the preliminary design by the means of the allocated requirements regarding the operation of the CCTV camera (Elotefy, et al., 2015). Further, the various aspects drive the preliminary design for addressing the methods at the lower level. The system specifications regarding the system engineering design in regards to the CCTV camera include the technical, operational, performance, and support characteristics of for the CCTV camera system as an entity, the outcome of a feasibility analysis , requirements for operations, the concept of maintenance and support, the suitable technical project management requirements at the level f the system engineering design, along with the allocation of the requirements of the designs of the CCTV cameras to the subsystem level. It has been observed in the previous assignment that the design and installation of the CCTV cameras in rural and urban areas begin with the identification of the need (Hassan, et al., 2016). The identification of the needs that are required to be accomplished by ensuring the addressing of the problems of security is included in the preliminary phase of design of the CCTV camera. It has been further observed that the conceptual or preliminary design in the urban areas targets to provide and collecting information to regulate all types of incidents in the actual time. The elaboration regarding the aerial view of the rotating cameras by installing the cameras in the highly populated regions is very much relevant in obtaining enhanced security which is one of the basic reasons of system engineering design of CCTV camera (Javed, Iqbal Abbas, 2017). On the other hand, the illustration of the issues regarding the installation of the CCTV cameras in the rural areas is very much relevant in real terms. People in rural areas find it difficult in terms of the costs of installation of the CCTV cameras along with the reduced willingness of the government regarding the installation o f these gadgets. The fact that the rural areas have large stretches of uninhabited lands makes it more convenient to choose the best areas for the installation of the CCTV cameras (Johnsen Stene, 2014). Detailed design and development The detailed design and the development phase of the system life cycle in the designing of the CCTV camera have been observed to be a continuation of the iterative process of development. It has been observed that the detailed design and development phase of the system engineering stage of CCTV camera encompass the development of the requirements of the designs for the components of all level of the CCTV camera system. It also includes the implementation of the necessary activities associated with the technology for the fulfillment of all the objectives of the design and installation of the CCTV cameras (Lee, et al., 2016). The elements and activities of the integration of the CCTV camera system are also observed to be included in the detailed design and development phase of the system lifecycle. Selection and utilization of the aids and tools of design are observed to be integrated into this phase. The preparation of the design and documentation of the data along with the development of the engineering of the CCTV cameras is incorporated in having prototype models of CCTV cameras (Lim, et al., 2015). It has been observed that in the detailed design and development phase of the CCTV cameras in rural and urban areas, the implementation of a review of the design, feedback, and evaluation of the of the capability. In this stage, changes in the design are also incorporated. It has been further observed that specific requirements are derived from the specifications of the system in this stage of detailed design and development. These requirements evolve through the application of the lower level specifications in the rural and urban areas in respect to the CCTV cameras. It has also been observed that the evolution of the detail design is determined from the outcomes of the requirements that are established during the system design of preliminary and conceptual phase. It was observed that the detail design evolution of CCTV camera in the rural and urban areas was required to have a very basic sequence of the process or activities. The relevant process was found to be iterative which proceeded from the system level definition to the configuration of the CCTV camera which can be manufactured or constructed in multiple quantities (Nitschke, et al., 2014). In the context of the installation of the CC TV cameras in rural and urban areas, the significance of the checks and balances in the review forms at every stage of progression of the design along with the loop of feedback facilitated corrective actions. The actual definition of the system engineering design regarding CCTV camera was observed to be relevant when the level of the details of the specifications increases which was established through the development of the data which describes the CCTV camera while being designed. Such data has to be represented in the aspects of the forms of digital elaboration of the items in design drawings, reports, and electronic formats (Senan, et al., 2017). In this context, it was found that the ADDIE Model is very much relevant. ADDIE Model is the generic process which is very much relevant to be conventionally used by the training developers and instructional designers. The five phases of the models are very much in resonance with the stages of implementation and installation of the CCTV cameras, i.e. Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. This is very much in sync with the flexible and dynamic guideline for the structuring of the effective performance and training support tools. The analysis phase of is relative to the conceptual phase of the system engineering of the CCTV camera (Stanley, et al., 2014). The design phase of the installation of the CCTV cameras would refer to the dealing with the assessment instruments, lesson planning, selection of media, and analysis of the installation of the CCTV camera. This would further refer to the logical and systematic method of identification and evaluation of a set of identification, evaluation, and development of the set of planned strategies regarding the installation of CCTV cameras in the rural and urban areas (TAN, HUO WANG, 2015). The development phase according to the model is very relevant to the creation and assembling of the contents of the assets associated with the components of the installation of CCTV cameras. In the implementation phase of the CCTV camera, a procedure regarding the training of the facilitators is developed. This is very much relevant in regards to the project manager of the project of installation of CCTV cameras in the rural and urban areas ensuring the requirements for the project. The evaluation phase of the project of installation of the CCTV camera includes the formative and summative portions which refer to the testing of the systems. System test, evaluation validation, and optimization The system test, validation, and evaluation activities in the context of the installment of the CCTV cameras in the rural and urban areas are very much relevant in the conceptual design phase of the life cycle of the installment of the CCTV camera. The evaluation and testing the components of the CCTV camera that would be installed in the rural and urban areas would be continued by testing different elements of the system, components along with the major subsystems which further integrate the entire system of the CCTV camera (Elotefy, et al., 2015). The validation process of the CCTV camera installation refers to the ensuring of the system configuration in respect of meeting the requirements of the customers and clients in the rural and urban areas. The human factors are also found to have significant implications on the success of the installment of the CCTV camera in the rural and urban areas (Vassalos Fan, 2016). The people in the rural areas do not basically trust or understand the significance of surveillance technology which can provide them with security. On the other hand, people living in the urban areas seek for enhanced security and surveillance system around their houses, accommodations, and place of businesses (Johnsen Stene, 2014). A true system validation of the CCTV camera would not be considered to be complete until the installed system is completely functional in the environment of the client and the user. It was observed that the complete functionality of the system could be observed through the implementation of the progressive tests and evaluation plan. Moreover, different categories if evaluation and test are observed to be identified by the phases if the installment of CCTV cameras in the rural and urban areas. Conclusion The significance of the feeling secured with the enhanced quality of technology has to be recognized by people both in rural and urban areas. Every individual needs to understand the effectiveness of having a CCTV camera system around his or her vicinity. The integration of various phases of the system engineering design has to be understood in a proper way for the effective implementation. References Alhafidh, B.M.H. and Allen, W.H., 2017, June. High Level Design of a Home Autonomous System Based on Cyber Physical System Modeling. InDistributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on(pp. 45-52). IEEE. Bennett, D. and Reich, S., 2014. Regional Carrizo Program: Planning, Design, and Construction of a Fast-Track Urban Pipeline. InPipelines 2014: From Underground to the Forefront of Innovation and Sustainability(pp. 640-649). Chen, H.T., Wu, S.W. and Hsieh, S.H., 2013. Visualization of CCTV coverage in public building space using BIM technology.Visualization in Engineering,1(1), p.5. Choi, K. and Lee, I., 2015. CCTV Coverage Index Based on Surveillance Resolution and Its Evaluation Using 3D Spatial Analysis.Sensors,15(9), pp.23341-23360. Dechesne, F., Warnier, M. and van den Hoven, J., 2013. Ethical requirements for reconfigurable sensor technology: a challenge for value sensitive design.Ethics and Information Technology,15(3), pp.173-181. Elotefy, H., Abdelmagid, K.S., Morghany, E. and Ahmed, T.M., 2015. Energy-efficient Tall Buildings Design Strategies: A Holistic Approach.Energy Procedia,74, pp.1358-1369. Hassan, N.M., Al Maazmi, T., Al Hadhrami, A. and Al Hosani, M., 2016. Discrete event simulation: a vital tool for a concurrent life cycle design.Construction Innovation,16(1), pp.67-80. Javed, B., Iqbal, M.W. and Abbas, H., 2017, May. Internet of things (IoT) design considerations for developers and manufacturers. InCommunications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 2017 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 834-839). IEEE. Johnsen, S.O. and Stene, T., 2014. Use of CCTV in remote operations and remote support of oil and gas fields to improve safety and resilience. InProceedings of the XI conference on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management (pp. this issue). Copenhagen. Lee, S.G., Park, J.L., Choi, G.C. and Sung, H.G., 2016, June. FLBT Multi Docking Aid System Design and Development. InThe 26th International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. Lim, C.H., Park, J.Y., Choi, J.S., Cheon, H.J. and Shin, S.H., 2015, July. The study on Design of the Floating Pendulum Wave Energy Converter (FPWEC) Operation System. InThe Twenty-fifth International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. Nitschke, A.G., Gall, V., McRae, M. and Ramirez, I., 2014. NATM Excavation and Support Design and Construction of the Caldecott Fourth Bore.2014 NATC Proceedings, Los Angeles; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc, pp.1029-1036. Senan, M.F.E.M., Abdullah, S.N.H.S., Kharudin, W.M. and Saupi, N.A.M., 2017, January. CCTV quality assessment for forensics facial recognition analysis. InCloud Computing, Data Science Engineering-Confluence, 2017 7th International Conference on(pp. 649-655). IEEE. Stanley, R.D., Karim, T., Koolman, J. and McElderry, H., 2014. Design and implementation of electronic monitoring in the British Columbia groundfish hook and line fishery: a retrospective view of the ingredients of success.ICES Journal of Marine Science,72(4), pp.1230-1236. TAN, Y.Q., HUO, L.C. and WANG, P.F., 2015. The simulation analysis of integral lifting of a large-span steel truss structure during construction phase.Journal of Hebei University of Engineering (Natural Science Edition),1, p.002. Vassalos, D. and Fan, M., 2016, April. Risk-based design-realising the triple-a navy. In13th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition (INEC 2016)(pp. 1-13).

Mary Shelley Essays (1842 words) - Romanticism, Mary Shelley

Mary Shelley Mary Shelley and Her Yearning for Knowledge Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, was the daughter of the radical feminist, Mary Wollstonecraft, and the political philosopher, William Godwin, and the wife of the Romantic poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley. Through these familial affiliations, she was also acquainted with Lord Byron Samuel T. Coleridge, and other literary figures such as Charles and Mary Lamb. Surrounded by such influential literary and political figures of the Romantic Age, it is not surprising that as an adolescent, at the age of 19, she wrote Frankenstein. Though critically a failure, (British Critic, 1818 and Monthly Review, 1818) the novel has never been out of print and has been translated into numerous languages. What is surprising, however, is the enormous body of knowledge contained in the novel. The novel contains references to the fields of literature, poetry, science, education, politics, history, and mythology. How did such a young girl, living a life considered morally objectionable to society and harassed by fami ly and financial burdens, acquire such a vast amount of knowledge in all fields of study that encompassed the important issues of her day? Through examination of biographical information and Mary Shelley's journal entries, it will be able to answer this question. Following, I also plan to highlight Mary Shelley's knowledge of literature with primary emphasis on the works studied by the monster in relation to his origins as well as Mary Shelley's. Mary Shelley was born with notoriety simply by being named Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. Her parents were well-known and somewhat suspect individuals due to their radical political beliefs and writings, such as Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Women and Godwin's Enquiry Concerning the Nature of Political Justice. Mary Shelley's mother died from complications shortly after giving birth to Mary. The infamy of her existence was heightened by her father's subsequent publication of Memoirs of the Author of the Rights of Women. In this work, William Godwin described many aspects of Mary Wollstonecraft's existence in great detail such as: her relationship with an American and subsequent birth of an illegitimate daughter, her suicide attempts, and the fact that she was already pregnant with Mary when William Godwin married her. To the late 20th Century sensibilities we may not approve of these behaviors but we certainly don't consider then shocking or extraordinary. The above ment ioned events, however, occurred in the late 1700's and were not morally acceptable, were abhorrent to the conventions of society, and were certainly not to be discussed or published in a memoir. William Godwin's publication of this memoir, more than any other event, created an air of societal stigma around Mary Shelley almost from the moment of her birth. Mary Shelley increased her already infamous existence by running off with Percy Bysshe Shelley when she was 17 in 1814. Percy Shelley was already married and abandoned his pregnant wife and his daughter to live with Mary Shelley. They lived together and had two illegitimate children prior to getting married in December 1816. They married a couple of weeks after Percy's wife, Harriet, committed suicide by drowning herself in the Serpentine. Mary Shelley became a societal outcast for these actions and had few friends. Within days she discovered that all of her old circle shunned her, intimates who had cherished her and friends who professed the most liberal principles (Sunstein 88). Her own father, hypocritically enough, who lived with Mary Wollstonecraft without being married, would not speak to Mary until she and Percy were legally married. Godwin publicly stated, Mary has committed a crime against hallowed social arrangements, morality, her family, and Harriet Shelley(Sunstein 89). Mary and Percy also had numerous other family and financial problems. Even though Percy was to eventually inherit a considerable amount of money, he had many debts and was constantly harassed by creditors. The couple continually moved in order to evade bill collectors. The first ten months of their relationship they moved four times and, in fact, never shared a permanent home together. The couple also had to deal with ostracism from their families as well as many deaths in the family. During their first two and half years together their first child was born prematurely and died two weeks later, Percy's first wife

African Americans and Malcolm X essays

African Americans and Malcolm X essays Throughout our country's history, many African Americans have contributed to the success of our country. Although we have not given African Americans the credit that they deserve, the month of February has been set aside to recognize all of their many achievements. I think one of the greatest and most influential African American, other than Dr. Martin Luther King, was Malcolm X. Malcolm X later knew also by the religious name El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, was an African American activist. His militant views that Western nations were inherently racist and that black people must join together to build their own society and value system had an important influence on black nationalist and black separatist movements of the 1950s and 1960s. His beliefs gained a broader audience through his autobiography, published after his assassination. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of Earl Little, a Baptist preacher, and his wife, Louise. The family moved to Lansing, Michigan, shortly after Malcolm's birth. Earl Little was an outspoken promoter of social and economic independence for blacks and a supporter of the "Back to Africa" movement of black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. In 1931 Earl Little was killed, probably murdered by white terrorists because of his political and social activism. His father's death had a disastrous effect on Malcolm and his family. His mother suffered a nervous breakdown, and the welfare department took the eight little children away from her. Malcolm was placed in a foster home and then in reform school. In 1941 he went to live with his half-sister in Boston. There he soon entered the fringes of the underworld, and at the age of 17, he moved to Harlem in New York City. Known as Detroit Red, Malcolm turned to a life of crime, including drug dealing and armed robbery. When he was 20, Malcolm received a sentence of ten years in prison for burglary. While in prison, Malcolm became...

Employee Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Satisfaction - Essay Example Promotion should purely be merit based so that everyone in the organization gets an opportunity to move up the ranks. Also, in the event of job openings, it is advisable to first try and hire from within. This not only saves costs on training but also in a great platform for employee stimulation. It is important for the employees to be challenged to a reasonable level so as to encourage them to be interested in their job, thus, it is likely that the productivity levels will remain high. Motivation is key to increasing the productivity of a workforce. Compliments, for example, are excellent motivators. Satisfied employees are aware that they are appreciated as they constantly receive positive feedback from their superiors. High employee satisfaction levels are directly linked to employee productivity and employee retention as satisfied employees are more productive and loyal to their organization that their unsatisfied counterparts. An employer who understands what motivates his staff has definite control over his staff. The article "dispelling the modern myth: Employee satisfaction and loyalty drive service profitability" gives a report on research findings on operation management, service management, Total Quality Management (TQM) and Human Resource Management. The research focuses on the correlation between employee satisfaction and performance. It is a general belief that better satisfied employees have higher levels of productivity. Rhian & Silversto cites earlier works by the Americans Deming(1986), Juran (1989) and the Japanese Ishiakawa(1985) who are all management experts their writings shows that improved job satisfaction increases the productivity of employees. These authors' argument supports the belief that better performing enterprises always treated their employees in a better way. True to its title, the research finds contradicting evidence to earlier works and the general beliefs to what had been commonly accepted in the management world. The author's gives the example of Isakawa 1985 who argues that with better satisfaction, one has improved drives hence will tend to co-operate with fellow employees. The research findings from an empirical study of one of UK's Supermarket chains showed that this is not always true. The most profitable stores were the ones with the least satisfied employees "implying a negative correlation between employee satisfaction and measures of productivity, efficiency and profitability" Rhian & Sylvester. However, reports by management experts that employee satisfaction and loyalty are key factors to enhancing productivity efficiency and increasing profit. The paper puts into application, Heskett, Sasser and Schlesinger's service profit chain model to a UK supermarket. The major aim is to determine the performance linkages between employee perception and performance, customer perceptions, behavior and financial performance. Works by both Hesket and Schlesinger (1991) and Reichheld (1996) improving employee loyalty through poor rewarding helps in improving the services the employees provide hence profitability is improved. The research is a case study of the Home Improvement Store Chain in the United Kingdom. This is a large group of supermarket chains in the UK. The company was chosen since it had senior management believed that satisfaction was key to

IT Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT Project management - Essay Example It is software designed by a company called Uniplus and has been of great significance to the day-to-day operations of most academic institutions. To be precise, Uniplus entails a set of well-integrated software components, which facilitate efficient management of university information. It is divided into three main user access levels, which include student portal, staff portal and top management portal. According to research, Uniplus has specifically been developed to enhance management of University data, which is for a number of top institutions in Africa such as Egerton University. Uniplus has been of great significance particularly in promoting the business need of many institutions. For instance, at Egerton University, Uniplus was regarded as a very crucial tool for ensuring that the University efficiently managing its revenues. As a result of its use, the university attained higher fee collection since it introduced self-service for students and improved access to information. Financially, the system is needed to ensure that all the institution’s financial data is protected from any unauthorized access. This is a very crucial requirement in maintaining the financial stability of any business organization. The system has also been considered to be of great significance in ensuring the integrity of student performance data. As aforementioned earlier, Uniplus has been of great significance in the day-to-day operations of a University. The development of this project at Egerton University had been scheduled to be conducted within a period of six months. It is important to acknowledge that Uniplus Company was very successful in ensuring that it delivered the project within the allocated time frame. In general, Uniplus, which is an integrated University management system, was finished on schedule (Petrides 60). A significant number of key stakeholders were involved in the development of this project. The top one

Information system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information system - Assignment Example Information has to be interpreted in order to ensure that users can understand the information this mainly through tables, graphs, text and charts. Operating support system becomes necessary in order to ensure information in the database is secure and effective. The operation support system undertakes the monitoring, controlling, analyzing, and management of a computer network. This system is more beneficial as it allows the low-level managers within the bank to monitor the day-to-day running of the operations (Stickney et. al., 2009). As the managers can access vital operational information, it enables them to make sufficient decisions, as the trend of basic operations of the banking clients is easily accessible. Operation support system is gaining advantage today because of its ability to process both financial and non-financial transactions, especially in a banking institution daily. There are various functional areas within the banking institution. These areas enhance effective and efficient transactions, which lead to profitability, especially in the launch of new products. The sales department uses the information to ascertain the products and services that customers are interested in and therefore, develop and administer an effective selling program. Purchasing department uses information in acquisition of goods and services that meet the standards set in the organization in order to meet the expected goals. Manufacturing department uses the information for production scheduling, quality and inventory control and maintenance of products. Marketing department accesses the information in order to ascertain the companys market through carrying out a market survey in, which it produces relevant information based on selling and distribution of products to customers. Finance department uses the information in ascertaining the transactions

Relationship between Employees, Employer and Representatives

Relationship between Employees, Employer and Representatives Introduction What is meant exactly by employee relations? What has changed since the Industrial Revolution? Salaman (2000) defines employee relations as a reflection of the development of more diverse employment patterns, the growth of high tech and commercial sectors, reduced levels of unionisation and use of management strategies aimed at individualising the employment relationship, in other terms it is the new management of all the variables which influence the work namely the management style, the level of employees motivation, the work environment, job satisfaction, the objectives of the company etc. We can differentiate three phases in the evolution of employee relations since the end of the Second World War, the third one being the partnership approach. Until 1979 (date of the election of the Conservative Party), work relations were based on collective bargaining and collective agreement aiming to determine and regulate, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed (Flanders, 1968), with a strong voluntarism encouraged massively and informally. The trade unions (basically, it is an association of wage earners, totally independent of employers pressure, who struggle to improve work conditions) had a lot of power and everything was negotiated through deals. In fact, a Trade Union, through collective bargaining can force employers to deal with labour as a collective identity, rather than isolated individuals, and so, secure better the terms and condition of employment (Webb Webb, 1920). However, when the conservative party was elected in 1979, everything changed. The new government introduced a lot measures to limit the role of trade unions. In addition, it introduced an enterprise culture in which individuals and organisations, rather than government, were to be held responsible for economic performance. Thus, as well as rejecting the maintenance of full employment as a major policy objective, they in effect abandoned the commitment of their predecessors to voluntary collective bargaining as the most effective method of determining pay and conditions. Then, there was a total break with the old work patterns but an explanation of this will be the economical context. In fact, after the war, there was a period of reconstruction that engendered a lot of work; manufacturing was the backbone of the economy, it was a period of full employment. After that, there was a wave of privatisation, many companies became multinationals, and there was an internationalisation of business. The aim of the study will be to analyse and evaluate the new approach to the management of employee relations. Firstly, the author will define and explore what the partnership approach is. Then, the study will continue by examining the advantages and the disadvantages of this approach to each stakeholder (employees, employers and Trade Unions). Finally, an evaluation of the prospects for success of the partnership approach and an expression of a critical comparison with the previous ones will be highlighted. The Employment Relation (ER) Employment relationship is an economical exchange of labour capacity in return for the production of goods and services. It is very important to understand the implications of all the aspects of employment relations. High levels of collaboration between the workforce and management are likely to be consistent with greater reliability of production and quality of output, which in turn would bolster the organizations market position. Thus, employment relation is one of the most significant areas that need to be invested (Rollinson, 1993). Salaman (2000) defines employment relations as a reflection of the development of more diverse employment patterns, the growth of high tech and commercial sectors, reduced levels of unionisation and use of management strategies aimed at individualising the employment relationship, in other terms it is the new management of all the variables which influence the work namely the management style, the level of employees motivation, the work environment, job satisfaction, the objectives of the company etc. The state (all levels of government) plays a crucial role in employment relations, both directly and indirectly. The roles undertaken by governments may be categorised into five components including maintaining protective standards; establishing rules for the interaction between the parties; ensuring that the results of such interaction were consistent with the apparent needs of economy; providing services for labour and management such as advice, conciliation, arbitration and training; and as a major employer. The management of the ER system in Britain Britain is a country of Western Europe comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Until July 2003, the British population is 60,094,648. At the height of its power in the 19th century it ruled an empire that spanned the globe (Stewart, 2005: 23-25). It is the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. The first half of the 20th century saw the Britains strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the Britain rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. It is also a leading trading power and financial centre, is one of the quartets of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. The British industrial relations system has a long history and has undergone much change in recent years. There are three phases in the evolution of employee relations since the end of the World War II, the third one being the partnership approach. Until 1979 (date of the election of the Conservative Party), work relations were based on collective bargaining and collective agreement aiming to determine and regulate, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed (Flanders, 1968), with a strong voluntarism encouraged massively and informally. The partnership approach What is it? The use of this term is a relatively recent political phenomenon. Some people affirm that it is just a term used by the Government to attract popular support because nobody can be against Partnership (Knell, 1999). Some others, more optimistic, see in this term a new pluralist approach to industrial relations. This concept comes from the idea that enterprises should recognise the interests of each stakeholder, namely employees, employers and their representatives, in order to satisfy each party. The aim of this approach is to find a common interest of management and labour, through trust and mutual involvement, instilling a sense of belonging and involvement. The Involvement and Participation Association (IPA, 1992) identifies six key principles: A shared commitment to the success of enterprise, including support for flexibility and the replacement of adversarial relations. A recognition that interests of the partners may legitimately differ. Employment security, including measures to improve the employability of staff as well as limit the use of compulsory redundancy. A focus on the quality of working life. A commitment to transparency, including a real sharing of hard, unvarnished information, an openness to discussing plans for the future, genuine consultation and preparedness to listen to the business case for alternative strategies. Adding value the hallmark of an effective partnership is that it taps into sources of commitment and / or resources that were not accessed by previous arrangement. For the New Labour government, partnership at work becomes an important objective. B. Its dimensions 1. Who are the partners? The partnership is between individual employer and individual employee and their representatives but the latter partner is weak in the new work relation. The partnership approach is more focused on individual relationships than a collective one, like in the past. Indeed, New Labour insists on individual choice. For them, it is not an obligation to integrate a working union. It emphasises that individuals are the best judges of their own individual interests. That is to say that the individual has the choice of whether or not to join a trade union and whether or not to take part in the coverage by collective agreement. It might mean the new government is not really in favour of the trade unions. In fact, some people think that a trade union would be an enemy of the partnership approach in the sense that trade unions defend the workers interests and they always have a confrontational relationship with the employers. Then, how can a partnership be formed if one of the partners does not make an effort to find a common agreement? In this way, the trade unions role has to be redefined. They have to play a co-operative role with employers in order to find some common interests which satisfy both the employees and the employers. The psychological contract The psychological contract is the basis of a partnership approach. It is the link between employers and employees. It establishes the expectations, aspirations and understandings which they have of each other (Herriot, 1998). The author has noticed that the psychological contract has changed since the last few years because of the changes of the work environment (change in workforce structure, re-engineering, downsizing.). The old psychological contract was based on security and predictability, now it is more situational and short term and assumes that each party is much less dependent on the other for survival and growth. According to Hiltrop (1995), the new contract can be defined as follows: There is no job security, the employee will be employed as long as he/she adds value to the organisation, and is personally responsible for finding new ways to add value. In return, the employee has the right to demand interesting and important work, has the freedom and resources to perform it well, receives, pay that reflects his or her contributions and get experience and training needed to be employable here or elsewhere. The psychological contract has to be strong and truthful to allow a partnership relation The voluntary aspect of the partnership New Labour insists on the voluntary aspect of the new work relation. The partnership should be introduced through cultural changes which will lead to more positive relationships between employers and employees than the letter of the law can ever achieve. That is to say that the law itself can not resolve the problem of employee relations, some cultural changes have to emerge first. Employers and employees have to make some effort to improve the work relationship. The advantages and the disadvantages of the partnership approach: A. For the employees 1. Advantages With the partnership approach, employees benefit from a Family atmosphere with friendly policies. For example, they benefit from new working arrangements which allow a greater flexibility. There is a harmonisation of working conditions, policies and procedures for all employees under training. The partnership approach introduces a new pay structure: pay is monthly through credit transfer, and the traditional annual pay is replaced by an objective formula. Moreover, a reduction of the working week for manual and craft employees can be observed. 2. Disadvantages However, the partnership approach introduces the notion of the individual worker. In this way, trade unions are less useful in the employer/employee relationship and lose their power. Then, the employee is in a weaker position than his/her employer (a caution has to be noticed because, trade unions have a right to accompany their members during the disciplinary or grievance interview). B. For the employers 1. Advantages Firstly, the partnership gives a good reputation to the enterprise which applies it. Moreover, it allows a greater stability of employment because employer talks to employee and establishes some rights and some obligations that each party has to respect (limit the turnover, strikes and so on). The relationship between both is more respectful and equal. Furthermore, the partnership allows a greater openness over the enterprise. Through it, the employers know what is wrong with the employees and try to find how they can fix it. The work atmosphere is more friendly and truthful. The partnership approach is, as well, a need for a change in approach to the trade unions. To date, the relation between employers and trade unions is based on confrontation. This new approach gives a secondary role to the trade unions and privileges the individual employer/employee relations, which is easier to manage. Moreover, employers try to improve work conditions, in return they profit from a greater activity because workers feel good in the company. In addition they can have greater performance appraisal and a new understanding of performance management through control and feed back. 2. Disadvantages This approach demands a lot of administration and is quite constraining for a company. To fire an employee who has a poor performance for example, the employer has to give a first warning and propose a disciplinary interview in order to detect what is wrong with this employee. If nothing has changed, the employee can receive another warning, the last one, before the dismissal (or other sanctions). Sometimes, procedures take too much time and engender an economical loss. Moreover, the enterprise can lose some power in relation to its employees. Previously, employers had the economic power over employees, now this power is more shared between both because their relationship is more interdependent. C. For the trade unions 1. Advantages There is a new stake in their role as representatives. They have to prove the value of the employers to the employees and the value of the employees to the employers. Moreover, the trade unions can profit from a partnership fund in order that employers and employee representatives work together to support innovative projects to develop the partnership approach in the workplace (Lord McIntosh Lord Hansard, May 1999). 2. Disadvantages The partnership approach has more disadvantages than advantages for the trade unions. Through it, trade unions lose some power. Firstly, their recognition is limited. According to the government, the trade union has a secondary role in the employer/employee relationship. Then, their role has to be redefined in a more consultative sense; it has to focus on the information, the communication, the representation and the partnership. Their contribution to the partnership is potentially useful but far from being essential. Thus, trade unions are worried about their traditional role which is to defend the workers interests. They think that in this new approach, employee representatives will become part of the management. Moreover, according to the IPA, the partnership needs a different channel than the union one, because this model is not adequate anymore. In fact, the union presence is weak or non-existent in the majority of companies in Britain, therefore, the partnership needs a new representative structure. Evaluation and criticism of the prospects for success of the partnership approach The employment relation through the partnership approach becomes fairer. For example, union co-operation in more flexible work patterns, teamworking, the introduction of annualised hours and the harmonisation of terms and conditions of employment are all greater assets of the partnership approach. Concerning job security, the partnership approach remains limited: The job security guarantees have been identified as the hallmark of partnership approach by many of its advocates, although, they have no featured in all such agreements. In most cases, they amount to relatively limited management commitments to avoid the use of compulsory redundancy as a means of labour shedding- a fairly familiar practice in organisations that can attract sufficient candidates for early retirement and voluntary redundancy with enhanced severance payments. Moreover in some partnership agreement, trade unions and employees are required to co-operate with measures with make the avoidance of compulsory redundancy easier, including the acceptance of the companys use of subcontracted, temporary or short-term contract staff ( Taibly Winchester, 2000 and Bach Sisson,2000). Moreover, the fundamental need for a successful approach requires some cultural changes; we have to break with the old practice (industrial/adversarial ones) because we cannot access a new form of management without this. Furthermore, the partnership approach appeared in a particular political context. In fact, it was the end of the Conservative government (characterised by a policy of deregulation) and the beginning of the Labour party which developed the important idea of commitment to the partnership in the workplace. But, its aim has to be analysed very carefully because we can notice that the government refused to take part in some social policy proposals developed by the European commission. This reaction is contrary to the apparent willingness of the government to introduce fairness in work and at work. However, some surveys show that employees feel better with the partnership agreement. We can notice that job satisfaction level is greater than before (Bach Sisson, 2000) but this result has to be taken with caution if we refer to the recent strike of the Post Offices which occurred last month. Then, the question is whether the partnership approach is successful? In the historical, political and economical context, the author thinks that partnership and the willingness of each stakeholder are present. The difficulty is just trying to apply it in the best way. Britain has made a lot of effort to improve work conditions. Compared to the past, this approach is the compromise between the two previous ones. Indeed, the first one (~1945-1979) was too dominated by the trade unions. The following one was too adversarial; the employees lost all their rights. Thus, this new approach tries to satisfy both parties. Conclusion The work is not finished. If the partnership approach succeeds in satisfying the stakeholders, it needs to be improved again. Britain needs to work on other more social law proposals and take part in the European ones. However, the employment relations are governed by the variation of the market as well; hence, it is very difficult to satisfy everybody. But, the important thing is to try to do the best. Moreover, there will always be some disagreements and unfairness in work and at work; we have to be patient because it takes time to change the mind of each person.

The Scope of Woolf’s Feminism in A Room of One’s Own Essay -- Woolf A

The Scope of Woolf’s Feminism in A Room of One’s Own Missing Works Cited A highly contested statement on women and fiction, Virginia Woolf’s extended essay A Room of One’s Own has been repeatedly reviewed, critiqued, and analyzed since its publication in 1929. Arnold Bennett, an early twentieth-century novelist, and David Daiches, a literary critic who wrote an analysis entitled Virginia Woolf in 1942 (Murphy 247), were among those to attempt to extricate the themes and implications of Woolf’s complex essay. The two critics deal with the often-discussed feminist aspect of Woolf’s essay in interestingly different ways. Bennett states that Woolf’s essay is not a feminist work, rejects the idea that Woolf’s discussion of women and fiction may lean towards the political, and reduces the essay’s scope to a collection of musings on women and fiction. Daiches responds to A Room of One’s Own in the opposite way: he claims that Woolf’s work is feminist, and Woolf’s feminism emphasizes not only women and their relationship to fiction, but all people of genius who have not had an opportunity to use it because of their lack of money and privacy. While Bennett restricts the scope of the essay to a non- feminist, completely apolitical ideology and Daiches enlarges the scope to a wide, universal feminism, Woolf’s own intention in writing A Room of One’s Own may have actually been to create a work that lay somewhere in between these two extremes. In one of the earliest reviews of A Room of One’s Own, British novelist Arnold Bennett addressed the question of feminism in the essay and concluded that Woolf was not writing from a feminist perspective. â€Å"It is a book a little about men and a great deal about women. But it is no... ...ments do point out important limits on Woolf’s feminism. As Arnold Bennett says, Woolf’s concerns are not political; although our modern definition of feminism is wider than Bennett’s was, Woolf’s lack of political interest does certainly limit the scope of her feminism. David Daiches’s critique of the essay points out another important characteristic of Woolf’s feminist thought. Her feminism is not, as Daiches believes based in a â€Å"larger democratic feeling.† Woolf’s feminism is in actuality quite limited in tha t she only applies it to British, upper middleclass women writers. Virginia Woolf’s essay-which to Bennett seemed non- feminist and to Daiches seemed feminist- universalist-is, by our modern definition, feminist; however, the borders of culture, class, and profession that composed her frame of reference drastically limit the scope of Woolf’s feminism.

Effects of Weather on Mood

Enhanced College Writing Cause and Effect Essay September 27, 2012 Effects of Weather on your Mood Many of us have moods that are changeable like the tides, and like the tides, for many of us those moods are dictated by many things including the weather. While you might think that you ‘just woke up on the wrong side of bed' it may in fact be that there are other things at play here – diet, tiredness, weather and more. In fact you could probably go as far as to say that the side of bed that you got out of is unlikely to really have had much to do with your mood at all.Weather is one particularly large indicator of how your mood is going to turn out for the day. The first and most well-known way in which weather affects mood is in what is known as seasonal affective disorder or SAD. This condition can also be known as winter depression, winter blues or seasonal depression and basically it describes a condition in which the individual finds their mood so tied to the changin g of the seasons that they in fact exhibit symptoms close to depression every winter.There are various explanations as to why someone might experience SAD, but generally it is believed to relate to the amount of light. This then means that it is not in fact the cold of winter that causes the depression, but rather the lack of light getting into your brain. At the same time temperature can also affect mood and this is as a result of energy usage. In the winter our immune systems are going to try harder in order to keep our bodies warm and our heart rate will speed up.All this means that energy is directed toward those tasks and so is not available in as large quantities for other activities. At the same time this is also why you are more likely to become ill your immune system is already under pressure from the cold and thus it becomes less able to stave off the attacks from bacteria and viruses. In order to avoid getting ill then and to avoid the depression that can come from it, ma ke sure to eat lots of vitamins and minerals that can help to boost your immune system and to get plenty of sleep.At the same time make sure to use lots of heating in order to warm the house and to keep illnesses at bay. Sleep is also affected by the weather and this in turn can make us more likely to feel depressed. If it is cold for instance then you are more likely to sleep more lightly and that gives your body and mind less quality time in which to recover from your day's activities. Again you are more likely to suffer illnesses and to have low energy, but this can also result in headaches and bad moods.Furthermore you will be getting up in darkness when your body is telling you to go back to sleep and so hormonally you are unprepared for the day. There are countless different ways in which the weather can affect mood then and this includes direct effects on mood and hormones, as well as more subtle second order impacts. Make sure that you stay warm and dry and that you make up for lower energy in your diet.

Outline the Nature of Supermarkets Power on the High Street and Beyond Essay

Outline The Nature of Supermarkets Power On The High Street and Beyond. This essay is looking at the power of supermarkets and how they use this power. The word power is often used to â€Å"denote influence, control or domination† (Allen, 2009, p. 9) Supermarkets use this power over suppliers, workers, Councils, consumers and other shops and there are conflicting views as to whether this power is used for the good of everyone or at the expense of everyone other than the supermarkets themselves or as Dennis Wrong (1977) calls it Positive Sum Game- â€Å"where all parties involved benefit to some extent† or Zero Sum Game- â€Å"where supermarkets wield their power at the expense of others† (Allen, 2009, p. 70) Supermarkets due to their sheer size and buying power have a huge advantage over the small independent high street shops. They offer a massive choice of products at a low price because they are able to buy in large quantities at discounted prices, sometimes even below cost price. These out of town supermarkets have convenient parking and consumers are able to do all their shopping in one place, from food, clothing, electrical equipment, financial services, gas and electricity etc†¦ This all makes shopping in these retail parks easier and cheaper for the consumer and the smaller independent high street shops are unable to match these prices, choices and convenience and are therefore unable to compete against the giants. As we’ve seen a move towards more out-of-town, car-dependent stores with large-format retail dominating, its driven trade away from town centres which has clearly had an impact on the small shops that are there, and we see approximately fifty small shops, independent shops, closing every week† Helen Rimmer (Friends of the earth) (‘Evidence in the social sciences’, 2009 track 1) The big supermarkets have also introduced small high street Metro and Express stores to put further pressure on the independents and gain those consumers without cars and who are unable to get to the out of town retail park. According to Helen Rimmer (Friends of the Earth) â€Å"There’s been a study of the impact of Tesco Express which is the Tesco convenience store when they’ve moved into an area, that generally led to a decline, in the small shops locally, of about 30 to 40 per cent† (‘Evidence in the social sciences’, 2009 track 1) To keep their prices low, Supermarkets are putting huge pressures on suppliers both in the UK and globally, they are often dictating how much they will pay and even the size, shape and colour of fruit and vegetables. To meet these demands suppliers are being forced to cut their cost to the bare minimum and in many cases are operating at a loss, forcing the smaller suppliers out of business. There is massive wastage, as food is rejected if it doesn’t conform to the set cosmetic appearance that the supermarkets have imposed, often sacrificing taste and flavour for appearance. Farmers have been known to plough crops back into the land when they have been rejected or the supermarket wants to pay a ridiculously low price. The cost of this wastage is usually met by the supplier, as are the ‘buy one get one free’ (BOGOF) deals that the supermarkets offer to entice their customers. This cost cutting is passed onto their workers both in the UK and abroad. In the UK they are more often than not migrant agency workers who pick and sort the salad crops, who are paid very low wages, sometimes below the cost of living. â€Å"There is a high price to be paid for cheap goods and that cost is borne one-sidedly by the weakest and least powerful groups in the supply chain† (Allen, 2009, p. 3) Meanwhile abroad, cheap clothing is produced in sweatshops, with exploited workers enduring poor conditions, long hours and being paid an inadequate wage. â€Å"The true cost of the cheap jeans and trousers, as well as the bargain-priced shoes, which line Asda’s and Tesco’s aisles, War on Want claim, is the absence of a living wage for workers in their supply chain† (Allen, 2009, p. 85) However the fact that this work is being sourced in Asia means that the clothing industry in these countries is expanding rapidly and this means work that was not there previously. These jobs are in demand by the locals as it means a way out of poverty for them, â€Å"the last thing a country like this wants is for the big retailers to stop sourcing their labour from them. That, it is pointed out, would threaten the steadily rising living standards of the garment workers†. (Allen, 2009, p. 91) Supermarkets use their power over local government to persuade them to allow the further development of new stores. This is done by a method called ‘Planning Gain’ in which they pay for civic facilities to be built i. e. : leisure centres and Doctors surgeries, in return for planning permission for a new store. These developments are Sometimes in run down, poor areas and the development of a new store can be interpreted as a good thing in helping the regeneration of the area, creating new jobs for the unemployed and encouraging new business into the area. Again there is controversy surrounding this, many believe it is for the good of the community and other believing it is â€Å"merely the latest in a series of opportunistic moves by them to get stores built at a time when planners and government frown upon out-of–town developments† (Allen, 2009, p. 4) The supermarkets are providing consumers with what they want. Cheap products in the current climate of recession are a necessity for many having to tighten their belts. The ease of having everything in one place makes it convenient to shop for those who have cars and can get to the out of town stores. â€Å"People like what supermarkets do and the efficiencies that come from the scale of their operations, the quality and choice that they’re able to offer, the prices that people find appealing are all reasons why people choose to shop in supermarkets. Richard Dodd (British retail consortium. )(‘Evidence in the social sciences’ 2009, track 1) There is no doubt that supermarkets are powerful and it is very often a zero-sum game for their suppliers, the supplier’s workforce, and the independent shops on the high street, when they wield this power against them. Town centres and the smaller independent shops are in decline, â€Å"12 per cent of town centre retail premises are now vacant compared with 4 per cent last autumn so that’s a threefold increase†. Richard Dodd (British Retail Consortium) (‘Evidence in the social sciences’ 2009, track 1) and many farmers are going out of business. The consumers however are getting what they want, but at what cost! In this consumer Society that we live in they are seduced by the choice and bargains and turn a blind eye to the lengths the supermarkets are prepared to go to give them this. The exploitation of the workers in the sweatshops of Asia, the bullying of the farmers to sell their milk, fruit and vegetables to them at the price they dictate and the small shops being put out of business. Yes supermarkets are powerful but at the end of the day it is the consumer who is enabling them to continue being so. â€Å"If customers like what a retailer is offering, they will choose that particular store or type of store and they’ll use it. If the retailer gets it wrong, the customers won’t show up and that retailer will very quickly go out of business. It is customers who have the power in all of this†. Richard Dodd (British retail consortium) (‘Evidence in the social sciences’ 2009, track 1)

IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT part 3 essayEssay Writing Service

IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT part 3 essayEssay Writing Service IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT part 3 essay IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT part 3 essayIDENTITY DEVELOPMENT part 2  essayViolence and injustice against the black people  Caucasians commit violent acts but they aren’t stereotyped because of their acts. In class we talked about Timothy Mcveigh and other home grown terrorists compared to those of Iroquoian descent. If a Caucasian person aboard an airplane its business as usually but if a person with color that speaks the Iroquoian language aboard an airplane there is tension. Caucasians have the freedom to walk into buildings and blow the building up; they can enter a school and kill a bunch of innocent students without their whole race being stereotyped. I take advantage of having a Causation wife. My wife can return things back to Wal-Mart without having a receipt. She able to return an inflatable 10’ water slide after using it for one season and the next year it had a hole in it. Wal-Mart gladly took it back for her.   The video store said we had a $10 late fine I we nt into the store to dispute the amount of the fine. The store manager would not reduce the fine. I went out to the car and told my wife that we still had to pay the fine. She immediately went into the store alone and when she returned to the car the entire fine was written off.   I understand that as much as we all would love to believe that the United States of America is fair, well even with a black president the United States is still unfair. On the CNN news I heard about a senator calling President Barak Obama a liar. Why did the senator feel that he could say this to the president? Was it because the senator was using his power as a privileged American to show the president that the office of the president has power, but not as much power as a white politician?My children are bi-racial but I explain to them that the world perceives them to be black; therefore, there are stereotypes associated with young black males/females. My children are on traveling sports teams such as s occer, and baseball. They attend basket ball and wrestling camps to become better athletes, but I look at their teammates and there are not any black kids on my son’s baseball team. On their soccer team there is one black athlete and two other bi-racial athletes. In my community, if a black family does not have the finances to put their child in sport camps and/or play for travelling teams the child will be over looked and spend a lot of time sitting on the sidelines.It needs to be admitted that on the basis of my own experience, I realized there are differences amongst racial groups but I’m learning how to capitalize on those differences to benefit me and my family. I’m learning about micro-aggressions from this class, so now I can point out to the coach or the store employees those aggressions which are consisted with racism.Black Racial Identity ModelIn order to increase my knowledge to help my future black clients, I reviewed the Black Racial Identity Model (Cross, 1991). The first step is the pre-encounter, which indicates that African Americans have been influenced by the dominant white culture in the belief that â€Å"White is right† and â€Å"Black is wrong†; therefore, blacks tend to distance themselves from other blacks and gravitate towards whites in order to be accepted (Cross, 1991). I now can relate to the statement that my mother would tell me, which is â€Å"you must think your too good to associate with black people, all your friends are white or in an interracial relationship†. I never thought that subconsciously my actions were fitting right into the stereotype of wanting to be accepted by whites, so I stopped my interactions with my own race.   Now I can consciously be aware of whom I’m associating with and for what purpose I’m I associating with them. As a black counselor, I would be able to recognize this disassociation that other clients may bring into a session and not consciousl y realize there action.The second part of the Black Racial Identity Model is Encounter. This phase is where I or the client has a personal brush with racism and then they realize I cannot ever be white and I will never be viewed as equal to Caucasians. This will cause the client to except being black and realize because I’m black I have to expect racism to be aimed at me not matter where I’m at on the hierarchy.  The third phase of the Black Racial Identity Model is Immersion/Emersion. This stage is when I or a client can recognize that I’m black and I’m proud of. The client will surround themselves with other blacks and disassociate with whites. â€Å"At this stage, everything of value in life must be Black or relevant to Blackness. This stage is also characterized by a tendency to denigrate white people, simultaneously glorifying Black people† (Wall, 2012). In the Immersion stage, the client wants to learn as much about their own culture as the y can that their anger towards white dissipates. The client will surround themselves with peers of the same racial background.The fourth phase is internalization stage which indicates that I recognize that I am black and I will associate with my black peers. I will also develop meaning relationships with whites who acknowledge and are respectful of his or her self-definition. At this stage, I’m also willing to befriend other oppressed individuals.  The fifth stage of the Black Identity Model is Internalization-Commitment. Individuals at this stage have developed ways to translate their â€Å"personal sense of Blackness into a plan of action or a general sense of commitment† to the concerns of Blacks as a group, which is sustained over time (Cross, 1991). The fourth and fifth stages are where the client can internalize and understand the true since of their racial identity.I now know of the Black Racial Identity Model which has given me an understanding of myself and my future black clients and the oppression they may be dealing with. I know my clients will not be all black because the community I live in is predominately white; therefore I must also have an understanding of whites, and having this understanding will also helps me in my marriage because my wife is white.Based on Helm’s White Racial Identity Development Model, I can recognize when a Caucasian lack awareness of cultural and institutional racism and White privilege. When they become aware, some experience guilt, shame, and anger at the advantages of being White.   As a therapist, I will be able to help Caucasians explore comfortable way to be White and of ways to resist racism in their environments.

Managing Multiple Generations During Times of Change Research Paper

Managing Multiple Generations During Times of Change - Research Paper Example eration Y which represents the group of people currently joining the workforce is characterized with diverse and unique qualities that need to be carefully taken into consideration by firms and organizations at the onset of their employment (Asch, 2004). According to the Society of Human Resource Management in the United States, the future employees bear attributes which include being very techno-savvy, highly flexible as well as being able to do less monotonous jobs. This is contrary to the pre-boomers who are less flexible and enjoy doing the same work over and over again. They enjoy working smooth and well established systems which do not under go frequent changes. Recruitment and staffing agencies therefore require an understanding of the group of people who are presently seeking employment or are already employed. They need to understand what their needs and demands are and thus efficiently integrate them into the current workforce so as to ensure smooth transition between the generations. These processes pose great challenges to the recruiting agencies since they need to equip and familiarize themselves with the changing trends (Cowen, 2008). A lot of caution has to be undertaken since the emergence of an increasingly techno-savvy generation is characterized with a lot of bureaucracy as well as fraud. It is easy for job seekers to use fake certificates which may easily be mistaken as being the original documents. Leadership and talent has been greatly affected since organizations find it hard to maintain talents given that generation Y is characterized by movement from one firm to another in the aim of seeking a more fulfilling and dynamic fields. This has greatly affected the leadership structure of organizations given that the rate of employee turnover is very high. Some firms have been forced to retain those who should have gone on retirement in order to avoid leadership vacuum and to have people who are well versed with the operations of the

Exercises from pan text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exercises from pan text - Essay Example This is because the necessity of the qualitative research needs to be presented and analyzed, thus providing for more than just a basic study of the literature. At this point, I am actually thinking of using both qualitative and quantative literature reviews. I feel that a combination of the two will provide for a very successful literature review, rather than just simply covering one concept only. If my audience is my professor or my committee, typically they do not give set expectations regarding topic selection. Rather, this is the responsibility of the researcher. At this point, I do not have any questions, as I am still brainstorming and gathering my research. Since there are no ideas to analyze present in question 1, the scale is not necessary. However, to provide something to answer the question, I would ask about the best way to make a topic not too specific or not too general for this type of research discussion. I rate this as a 5, simply because it is one of the most important things to consider prior to researching—if a topic is too large or too small, the research will not go well. Professional journals have assisted me with topic ideas. They also have helped me to identify possible topics. Because I am able to see the types of research previously presented, I have been able to decide if I would want to analyze a different aspect of various studies and thus provide something new to the research community. At this point, I am interested in reviewing some of the study instruments provided in some of the other research studies in order to get ideas on how I may approach my own. So far, I think surveys are one of the best tools for gathering research, because they are quick, effective, and allow for the gathering of appropriate information. I have not brainstormed topic ideas with other students yet, but I do think that if I did, this could be quite helpful simply because my peers may provide

THE EVOLUTION OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Essay

THE EVOLUTION OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN VIRUSES AND BACTERIA - Essay Example The resultant nature of upcoming bacteria and viruses leads to drug tolerance. In most cases, pathogens acquire newer forms and abilities of resistance through evolution. In a broad sense, the pathogens acquire a stronger resistance against drugs and thus, repel any upcoming drugs, making them ineffective. The development of drug resistance specifically stems from drugs that aim at eradicating specific viral and bacterial proteins. Since such drugs are mainly specific to given viruses and bacteria, any mutation in such pathogens interferes with its destructive nature, which results in drug resistance. As the drugs become more developed, the viruses and bacteria mutate to acquire protective qualities that are commensurate to the strength of the developed drugs. With this in mind, the innate capacity of bacteria and viruses to evolve to such an extent of outpacing upcoming drugs suggests that stakeholders in the medical field should work towards achieving long-term and viable anti-microbial therapies that will evolve with the pathogens’ ability to adapt t o the situation. A succinct analysis of Bryskier (2005), reveals that antibiotics are composed of natural secretions by fungi and bacteria that aim at engulfing and killing other bacteria that are pose competition over limited nutrients. The drugs used in treating diseases in the contemporary originate from such secretions. Professionals in the medical field remain alarmed by the discovery that some viruses and bacteria have developed resistance to drugs, and further evolved through mutations or DNA alterations. Based on information outlined by Fisher and Mobashery (2010), rresidential areas and health facilities act as proper breeding grounds for drug resistant qualities of bacteria and viruses. Such bacteria flourish in an environment dominated by people with ailments and whose immune systems are

Psychological tests Essay Example for Free

Psychological tests Essay Aptitude test is defined as the test of suitability to determine whether an individual is likely to develop the skills required for a particular kind of work (Encarta dictionary, 2008). Aptitude tests are used to calculate abilities over a long period of time, as well as to envisage future learning performance. Example of aptitude tests are the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the American College Testing (ACT)). These tests are both college admission tests explored in the prediction of college success. Special aptitude tests The purpose of special aptitude test raises the concept of fidelity and bandwith. Bandwith determines the breath of the traits that is being evaluated while fidelity refers to the extent to which a particular measure focuses on a particular attribute or quality. These tests are explored to prognosticate on the future performance in a subject that the person in question is not currently trained. Goverment parastatals,institutions and business organization often will apply specific aptitude tests when handing over specific privileges to certain individuals. .Furthermore, vocational guidance counseling may involve aptitude testing to help clarify individual career goals (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). If a person has a similar score in comparison to that of individuals already functioning in a particular profession, the probability of success in that occupation can be predicted by the use of aptitude tests. Certain aptitude tests have a wide coverage that includes skills germane to many different professions. The General aptitude test, for instance aside measuring the general reasoning ability also covers the areas of form perception, motor coordination, clerical perception as well as manual and finger dexterity. Other tests may concentrate on a single area such as the Art, Engineering and modern languages (Microsoft Encarta. 2008). One of the examples of special aptitude tests is the sensory or perceptual test and this concentrates on the discrimination of color and visual acuity. It also involves the auditory senses. Another example of special aptitude test is the mechanical test which includes the test of spatial relations and this demands manual dexterity as well as space visualization. There is also the paper and pencil test which includes the Bennet Mechanical comprehension Test and the Minnesota Paper Formboard. Other special aptitude tests are listed below. The clerical test This includes the Minnesota clerical test that consists of 200 pairs of numbers and 200 pairs of names. It also includes the clerical abilities which is an embodiment of 7 other tests like test of proofreading and copying etc. The art and musical test. The Art ability test includes the Art judgment test in which the participant judges between two pictures and chooses the one that is better. In aesthetic perception test, the participant gives an orderly ranking of 4 versions of the same project. The grave design judgment test also allows the participant to adjudicate the best among a group of abstract pictures. Musical ability test The musical ability test gives an analytical assessment of musical ability and it makes use of tones as well as notes to evaluate 6 components of auditory discrimination. The wing standardized test of musical intelligence explores recorded pianoic songs to assess about 8 areas which include the memory, chord analysis and rhythm.

The Non Dredged Reclamation Method

The Non Dredged Reclamation Method With the rapid economic and population growth, various economic, social, housing and transport needs of the community are increasing, resulting in increasing demand for land supply. Due to the limited land supply, reclamation is commonly used to tackle the problem in Hong Kong. However, reclamation does not only contribute to the economic development but also the environmental degradation. In this essay, problems caused by reclamation and possible solutions will be discussed. As mentioned in Environmental Impact Assessment Report (2001), dredging, disposal of marine mud and bulk filling activities may give rise to many potential impacts on water quality. Firstly, solids may be suspended in the water column. Secondly, as mud waves and turbulent flow will be generated, by disturbance, organic and inorganic substances e.g. ammonia, heavy metals and sulphides may be released into the water column. Thirdly, during the compacting and settling process in site formation, contaminants and leachate may be given out from pore water and sediments respectively. As a result, the marine water quality will be deteriorated. 2.2 Marine ecosystem According to Chan (2000), dredging and disposal of waste involved in reclamation will bring adverse effects to the marine ecosystem. Firstly, removal of sediment may lead to the loss of habitat. Secondly, marine organisms may entrain during dredging. Thirdly, dissolved oxygen will be depleted and nutrients will be released into the water. In particular, if there is a significant rise in the nutrient level, algal productivity will increase which may result in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“red tidesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . 2.3 Air quality The problem of air pollution will arise during the operation period of reclamation as a large amount of dust will be emitted where the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“dustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  here refers to general suspended particulates. Among various kinds of origins of air pollution, earthmoving (loading, unloading and bulldozing), haul road traffic on unpaved roads and wind erosion of the open site area lower the air quality the most (Chan, 2000). Solutions 3.1 The non-dredged reclamation method Traditionally, the soft marine mud in the seabed is replaced by sand fill to make a strong foundation for seawall construction. Dredging and disposing of marine mud are thus involved. As the dredging process in reclamation is the fundamental cause for the environmental impacts mentioned above, the non-dredged reclamation method is advocated for the future reclamation projects. Making reference to Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Hong Kong Projects (2011), this reclamation method does not require dredging the soft marine mud in the seabed before backfilling. Instead, inert construction and demolition material is used to fill many large interlocked steel cells. The steel cells will then sink in the water and stay on the alluvium, forming the perimeter wall. (Items, 2011) As found in Items (2011), the non-dredge reclamation has many benefits over the conventional dredge seawall construction method. For instance, dredging and dumping of marine mud can be almost completely avoided. Also, only 30% of the original suspended particles will be released during reclamation and only half of the backfilling material will be needed. Thus the construction marine traffic can be decreased by about 50%. It can be concluded that the non-dredge reclamation method will bring less environmental impacts and therefore it is a better choice for reclamation. 3.2 Development of underground space Enhanced use of underground space is an effective and feasible alternative to increase land supply as Hong Kong is mountainous and abundant with strong volcanic and granitic rocks. This geographic characteristic favours the development of underground space in Hong Kong. Rock caverns can be developed for various land uses such as crematorium, substation, sewage treatment facilities etc (Hong Kong Underground Space Study Executive Summary, 2009). While both measures can relieve the problem of lack of available land, developing underground space has some advantages over reclamation. For example, some undesirable uses like refuse collection point can be built underground so that the impacts on the residents living nearby can be minimised. Moreover, developing underground space does not cause much pollution or take away natural resources, which means that the natural environment can be preserved. Conclusion Though reclamation can provide for the requirements of the economic development, the conventional reclamation method causes water pollution, air pollution and adversely affects the marine ecosystem, which is not an ideal act for the society. In order to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation, the non-dredged reclamation method should be adopted for future reclamation projects as it is more environmentally friendly. In addition to reclamation, development of underground space should be considered which can act as an alternative to increase land supply and reserve our valuable harbour.