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Question: Examine about the Challenges when making a progress from school to the Clinical Field. Answer: Presentation New alumni nurture for the most part face difficulties while experiencing a progress from the college to the clinical practice. As an alumni nurture, I have likewise confronted a great deal of difficulties in the wake of graduating as I attempt to fit in the nursing group that is as of now working. One significant issue that I have confronted is that of osmosis. It is hard for me to fit in the group of the medical caretakers who are not new in the field like me. It gets hard for them to oblige me in their group since they feel that am not as experienced as they seem to be. As I function as another alumni nurture, there is a period I will be required to move the work, work in another condition and furthermore fill in as a group. In Australia, all together for an individual to make a progress from school into a rehearsing medical caretaker, a great deal of help is required. Be that as it may, the training gets hard for me in light of the fact that there is no help from the colleagues w ho see as though I am not satisfactorily prepared to fill in as a medical caretaker. The difficulties Involved By and large, I need to oversee sedates all alone in regions where we were required to do it as a gathering. The activity causes me to neglect to do it appropriately. At different occasions, they have to oblige me in the gathering so I can do realize what they do as we practice together. The group of medical caretakers who have more understanding than me regularly maintain a strategic distance from me since I am a new alumni. The medical caretakers cause me to get debilitated in my line of obligation since they give me that am not learned enough to deal with what they can deal with. The activity brings down my soul as I endeavor to get joined in the nursing condition with the goal that I can get profitable in the field. The issue additionally makes me need trust in work since I dread I may do things in incorrectly. Different medical caretakers with the experience try not to help me in the field since they as of now focus on their own work (Del Catalano, 2015). Some of them are narrow minded and they feel that I will burn through their time as they attempt to help me. The activity turns out to be trying for me. Since am new by and by, I now and again endure pressure and enthusiastic issues at the work environment. Different attendants who are prepared regularly don't have the opportunity to give me enthusiastic help since they feel that it is an exercise in futility. The activity of being sidelined likewise influences my confidence as I need to feel low while at the work environment. It likewise influences my dedication to work since I may not be exceptionally dedicated to work in territories where I don't know about. The coordinated effort between the certified and graduate medical caretakers is basic in the nursing field to guarantee that there is regard, backing and trust among people in the nursing field (Zerwekh Garneau, 2014) . The absence of help and inability to suit me in the group may prompt low endeavors of creation and neglecting to arrive at my objective. I here and there experience issues choosing what to do in a given territory of my calling since I don't have sufficient help from my group. I have confronted this issue and have perceived how it is difficult for individuals to decline to suit others in their group. The other nursing experts may likewise acknowledge when the other prepared medical caretakers neglect to suit the new ones in the nursing practice (Polifko, 2010). The explanation is that they may see that there is something incorrectly among me and different individuals from the group. In any case, I have attempted to concoct estimates that will assist different medical caretakers with seeing the need of absorbing me in their gathering. Systems to help my own turn of events Since I find that leaving the calling isn't a choice, I need to discover the way to adapt in the nursing calling in spite of the test of not being acknowledged by different individuals from the group. I have chosen not to quit working however to buckle down in regions that I have been relegated with the goal that I may accomplish my objectives. On occasion I additionally join the prepared medical caretakers while doing different employments that identify with the calling in any event, when I don't feel welcome in the spot. I work with them with the expectation that some time or another they will quit maintaining a strategic distance from me and treat me as one of them. I additionally attempt to persuade them that it is vital for them to attempt to show other who are new the best approach to follow. I endeavor to guarantee that I get the experience that is required for me to be treated as a prepared individual and not as a new alumni. One the prepared medical caretakers see me more in the field, they will figure out how to suit me in the group as time advances. The issue of not being taken as a component of the group is harming and may once in a while murder the assurance of an individual. I will likewise attempt to keep the test from winning in future by showing my colleagues the significance of being steady to their undeveloped companions. The activity will assist me with helping the ones who originate from schools without realizing where to begin. I will likewise prepare my associates in future to be accommodative of the new medical attendants who originate from different Universities and not to debilitate them asserting that they are not prepared (Yoder-Wise, 2014). I dislike the attendants who come after me to experience the damnation that I have experienced while in the nursing calling. I will be increasingly given in my work so I can pick up understanding and furthermore educate the other the significance of working with others in the group so the wellbeing organization may accomplish the ideal results. It is vital for all the medical caretakers to function as a group paying little heed to the way that some are more experienced than others. Different examinations show the requirement for the accomplished medical attendants to help the ones who are straight from school. The accomplished attendants likewise need to know the advantages of obliging the new alumni since they may likewise be helpful for them later on (Molinari Bushy, 2012). So as to address the issue, the wellbeing experts are additionally instructing the prepared medical caretakers the significance concerning cooperating and supporting the ones who are making a progress from school to the workplace. I am likewise attempting to take care of the issue by attempting to fix myself in a gathering of the attendants who don't have an issue obliging me. I attempt to search for a gathering of medical attendants that can help me in territories where I need help. I work with the strong individuals in any event, when they are not many. Not all individuals can neglect to help me (Bowles, and Candela, 2005). There are some who attempt to show me methods of adapting in the nursing calling and how I can turn into a good example. As another method of taking care of the issue of being sidelined by the colleagues, I had likewise advised the senior nursing experts to chat with my coworkers so they may fuse others in the group. I likewise revealed to them that they have to advise them about the should be steady to other people. By sharing what am proceeding with my seniors, it will help take care of the difficult now and later on (Chang and Hancock, 2003). The bad habit need to stop in the nursing field later on with the goal that the new alumni may feel suited in the calling. The medical caretakers are to get instructed about the significance of giving passionate and good help to the new alumni who join the nursing calling (Winfield et al, 2009). It is vital for the prepared medical attendants to fill in as guides to others as opposed to neglecting to suit them in the calling (Huston, 2014). The activity sets a terrible model in the nursing field. I accept that conversing with the attendants will assist them wit h adjusting their perspectives in transit that they treat me as well as different alumni who come after me. The wellbeing experts additionally show the prepared medical attendants the significance of enthusiastic help to the new alumni. The assistance would empower individuals like me to feel urged to work more diligently so as to meet the necessary wellbeing results. End The new alumni attendants face a great deal of difficulties when making a progress from school to the clinical field. Here and there they need to adapt to troublesome issues all alone. One of the difficulties that I face in the nursing field is the disappointment of the train the prepared medical attendants to oblige me. The issue causes me to feel debilitated since I can't figure out how to get fit in the workplace. In some cases I even get genuinely upset. I have endeavored to guarantee that I will have the experience that they have so they may quit rewarding me like a new alumni. I am additionally moving in the direction of killing the difficult now and later on. I imparted to the senior wellbeing experts to guarantee that I get help from them in regards to the issue. They will help me by conversing with the medical caretakers about the issue of working with others. References Bowles, C. also, Candela, L., 2005. First professional adventures of late RN graduates: improving the workplace. Diary of Nursing Administration, 35(3), pp.130-137 Chang, E. also, Hancock, K., 2003. Job pressure and job vagueness in new nursing graduates in Australia. Nursing wellbeing sciences, 5(2), pp.155-163 Del Catalano, J. T. 2015. Nursing currently!: Today's issues, tomorrow's patterns. Philadelphia, PA : F.A. Davis Company, Huston, C. J. 2014. Proficient issues in nursing: Challenges openings. Baltimore, MD ; Philadelphia, PA : Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins Molinari, D., Bushy, A. 2012, the country nurture: Transition to rehearse. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company Polifko, K. A. 2010, The training condition of nursing: Issues patterns. Clifton Park, NY damage Cengage Learning. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation., Initiative on the Future of Nursing (Estats Units d'Ame?rica), Institute of Medicine (Estats Units d'Ame?rica), 2011, The Future of nursing: Leading change, propelling wellbeing. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. Santucci, J., 2004. Encouraging the change into nursing practice: ideas and methodologies for tutoring new alumni, Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, 20(6), pp.274-284 Ulrich, B., Krozek, C., Early, S., Ashlock, C.H., Africa, L.M. what's more, Carman,

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purchase custom The Renaissance Humanism paper This exploration paper examines the essentials of humanities; how and when did humanism started? It further examinations Renaissance Humanism during fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth hundreds of years and the scholarly work during that time. It further examinations the social and philosophical development which cleared across Europe during that time which prompted the cutting edge time, finishing the time of medieval times is known as Renaissance Humanism. For my investigation, I alluded to Krayes book Renaissance Humanism which was first distributed in 1996 and examines the beginning of Renaissance Humanism in Europe, particularly the Italian humanists commitment in deciphering the old Roman and Greek business related to workmanship and writing of old occasions. Kreis article on Renaissance Humanism additionally helped me explaining key purposes of humanism, their way of thinking and way of thinking and how could they stirred their way up with the goal that their perspectives are known and generally acknowledged by the general public. During 1400 A.D. to 1650 A.D. the secularism reasoning animated with the period when individuals and countries started preferring the agnostic customs again and were occupied to pick up regard and common delights. This periods scholarly and abstract flows and their social way of thinking which is viewed as the most dominating, is alluded to as Humanism (Kreis, 2000). The social and philosophical development cleared across Europe during fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth century which lead to the advanced time, finishing the period of medieval times is known as Renaissance Humanism (Kraye, 1996). Because of the rising common perspective on life it brought about energy for the convention; development of extravagance and success, exchange extension, and developing social contacts pulled in more enthusiasm for the delights of the world in spite of the fact that they had formal adherence to Christianity. In this way, humanists brought forth old style journalists who uncovered the mentality of mainstream framework and comparative sort of social qualities (Kreis, 2000). Among the basic framework of those insightful interests and their psychological perspectives accumulated under the rubric humanism, students of history concurred that the humanists mindset remain between the contemporary logical and their basic disposition, and medieval supernaturalism. As per Medievalist, Humanism is the lethal result of the medieval times (Kreis, 2000). Current students of history see humanism as the germinal time of innovation, in this way, it is accepted that the Renaissance man lived between medieval Christian grid and logical ideas. In this manner the man of the Renaissance is suspended from both, reasons and confidence, since he doesn't have faith in homogeneous perspective which decided the criticalness of every wonder, and he is yet to discover security for his life, social rule steadiness and arrangement of logical concets (Kreis, 2000). The primary focal point of humanism is the privileges of individuals, that is, they ought to be applauded for the work they have done and their accomplishments. Humanists, along these lines, delivered abstract work on old techniques and their crafts with the goal that they can be associated with their incredible work during that time (Kraye, 1996). The Renaissance Humanism was first acquainted in Italy due with its associations with old Rome which is known for its masterful work and culture. Italians accepted that they are the descendents of Romans subsequently they wanted to consider the way of life of their progenitors and their predecessors (Kraye, 1996). Until sixteenth century, there were no political masterminds created because of the humanists development in light of the fact that the Renaissance humanists were not locked in with governmental issues till at that point. They were quick to acknowledge callings in which they became administrators, negotiators, educators, squires and so forth. It was on the grounds that the greater part of the old writing was lost or was written in Greek which they require interpreting with the goal that it tends to be imitated and presented to be perceived by the common countries (Kraye, 1996). The Renaissance Humanism was first acquainted in Italy due with its associations with old Rome which is known for its creative work and culture. Italians accepted that they are the descendents of Romans along these lines they wanted to examine the way of life of their progenitors and their precursors (Kraye, 1996). The artistic work they delivered around then on legislative issues was not proposed for centered crowds. They were progressively keen on creating artistic work on old customs of good expository through which they want to change people, for example, blue-bloods, vendors and proficient, and their general public (Kraye, 1996). During fourteenth and fifteenth hundreds of years, humanists changed the scholarly world which helped them to acquire changes political theory. In spite of the fact that, humanists couldn't create any high positioned political scholars up 'til now yet during sixteenth century they delivered two high positioned legislators in Europe named Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas More whose abstract work and compositions uncovered the pressures of contemporary political view and qualities difficulties (Kraye, 1996). There were two perspectives and kinds of reformers. One accepted that by improving people they will have the option to change their establishments and the others accepted that by transforming their organizations they will have the option to change the individual qualities. Numerous humanists started partaking in political issues so they may fill the two needs for example to change people by improving organizations and to change foundations by transforming singular qualities (Kraye, 1996). Renaissance was the time of oligarchs and despots; it was when rulers had sketchy titles which were ill-conceived. In this way, the humanists endeavors were dedicated to improving people during fourteenth and fifteenth century with the goal that they can later change their organizations (Kraye, 1996). The social and philosophical development cleared across Europe during fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth century which lead to the cutting edge time, finishing the period of medieval times is known as Renaissance Humanism (Kraye, 1996). The principle focal point of humanism is the privileges of people, that is, they ought to be adulated for the work they have done and their accomplishments. Humanists, thusly, created abstract work on antiquated philosophies and their crafts with the goal that they can be associated with their incredible work during that time (Kraye, 1996). The Renaissance Humanism was first acquainted in Italy due with its associations with old Rome which is known for its aesthetic work and culture. Italians accepted that they are the descendents of Romans in this manner they wanted to examine the way of life of their progenitors and their predecessors (Kraye, 1996). Humanists originally became civil servants, representatives, educators, squires and so on., and created abstract work to impact people conduct, their observation and perspectives with the goal that they may change the framework to remunerate the individuals who take dynamic part in building a general public (Kraye, 1996). Most humanists were the devotees of agnosticism while there were barely any other people who didn't had confidence in any god as they contend that religion is a long way from any parties. Among the basic blueprint of those insightful interests and their psychological perspectives accumulated under the rubric humanism, history specialists concurred that the humanists mindset remain between the contemporary logical and their basic disposition, and medieval supernaturalism. As indicated by Medievalist, Humanism is the lethal result of the medieval times (Kraye, 1996). Present day students of history see humanism as the germinal time of innovation, in this way, it is expected that the Renaissance man lived between medieval Christian framework and logical ideas. Accordingly the man of the Renaissance is suspended from both, reasons and confidence, since he doesn't trust in homogeneous perspective which decided the noteworthiness of every wonder, and he is yet to discover security for his life, social guideline soundness and arrangement of logical ideas (Kraye, 1996). Until sixteenth century renaissance humanists were not related with legislative issues however they produced some scholarly work yet it was not proposed for the engaged gathering. Notwithstanding, these and other abstract work changed the scholarly communitys observation and in sixteenth century two high positioned humanist legislators made important commitments to the humanists perspective on political theories (Kraye, 1996). Purchase custom The Renaissance Humanism article

Top Tips for Writing a Strong Admission Essay

What is an affirmation paper? What's more, for what reason is it so significant for US schools and colleges? While most European colleges offer their future understudies to take a few tests, US educators and teachers request that their contestants get ready and present a confirmation exposition. An affirmation paper is a bit of composing, which demonstrates your capacity to compose well, your mentality towards training, and your fit to the picked college or school. This article will enable the board to comprehend your character, scholarly interest, and instructive accomplishments. In this exposition, you can clarify what your principle positive highlights and exceptional aptitudes are. All in all, in what capacity can a normal contestant make a confirmation exposition, which will be sufficiently amazing to be acknowledged at the ideal University? You can utilize the principle tips portrayed in the section underneath or you can go to .com for proficient exhortation and backing. The decision is yours. Change your desires and make the initial step. 5 Tips for a Strong Admission Essay Concentrate on a certain something. Don’t attempt to depict everything in one article. Pick one best topic, issue, or individual to begin with. At the point when an understudy attempts to expound on numerous things in a single little bit of composing, he/she will in general make it excessively exhausting, level and watered down. Continuously utilize the strategy for conceptualizing before composing your paper. Pick just a couple of smart thoughts. Maintain a strategic distance from flawlessness. This implies you shouldn’t portray yourself as a perfect individual without blemishes and feeble sides. Be objective. Don't hesitate to portray what viewpoints are more hard for you than others. Nobody anticipates that you should be an ideal understudy. A reasonable proposition. Your confirmation exposition ought to contain an unmistakable postulation, portraying what you are going to tell about. Editing. Never disregard extra editing and altering. Give your confirmation exposition to another person who knows you somewhat more than others. Request that they read your article so anyone might hear and to determine what impressions they have in the wake of understanding it. The less difficult the better. Numerous understudies expound on too troublesome things to make their articles stick out. Furthermore, those articles become mind boggling, in any event, for themselves. Actually, the expositions that stand apart the most are about straightforward things and regular subjects. The easier your exposition was the better. What is significant is that your exposition should communicate your character, encounters, and points of view. The fundamental point of the confirmation exposition is to assist the board with knowing the candidate. In this way, the fundamental segments of the solid confirmation exposition are center, realness, clear postulation, great punctuation and spelling, and straightforwardness. Furthermore, keep your paper short. Don’t attempt to make it up to a novel. Simply stay away from basic errors, cautiously consider what you will expound on, and present your character to the advisory group in the most ideal manner conceivable. It is constantly helpful to peruse different people’s work to get a feeling of what great articles are. To help you, gives you someâ college affirmations exposition samplesâ written by advisors and editors hailing from renowned schools including Harvard. This page contains individual articulation tests, mission statement tests, and application exposition tests for school. However, it would be ideal if you recall, these are for your reference just; it isn't to your advantage to duplicating their style or ideas. It not just disregards scholastic morals and could prompt a programmed dismissal by the entrance advisory board †the purpose of our administration is to assist you with building an interesting exposition †not one like different articles.

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a bill expositions Delegate presents the accompanying bill, which was alluded to the advisory group on January tenth twenty thousand and one. Area One: Cigarettes are executing the uneducated youth. This bill is focused towards the young and ensuring them against settling on the horrendous choice to smoke. This bill will change the measure of smokers on the grounds that the bill is going to make cigarettes less a piece of society and make them less wanted. Segment Two: Every year cigarettes execute a bigger number of Americans than were slaughtered in World War 1, the Korean War, and Vietnam joined: Nearly the same number of as passed on fighting in World War 2. Every Year cigarettes kill multiple times a greater number of Americans than Traffic mishaps. Lung malignant growth alone murders the same number of as kick the bucket out and about. The cigarette business is selling a savage weapon. It is managing in people groups lives for monetary benefit. (Government Drug Administration) The cigarette organizations are bargain ling the lives of lived ones for monetary benefit. The Tobacco business doesnt simply need your cash it needs you life. The more passing is needs to report is another way the cigarette word gets around. The cigarette organization is merciless with regards to the lives, the more smokers, the more cash. The adolescent supplant the 1,200 individuals that bite the dust every day from smoking. Every day in excess of 3,000 youngsters become standard smokers-more than one million new smokers every year, 90 percent, which will be kids. (Teenager Smoking. Ayer, Eleanor H. 1999) The Federal medication Administration has demonstrated the hurtful deep rooted impacts of smoking but then the informed youth despite everything keep on smoking. The cigarette organizations need 1,200 smokers to supplant the others that kick the bucket every day. The adolescent is they. Smoking advertisements are set up for the most part advance smoking in individuals 21 and more youthful they depict a picture that are effectively automatically gotten by youngsters. The promotions guarantee allure, sexual fascination, athletic ability, achievement, in... <!

Management Information Systems (MIS) Definition and How It Works

Management Information Systems (MIS) Definition and How It Works HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSOwing to the strong link between Management Information Systems and technology, the history of these systems goes hand in hand with the history of computing technology.With that said, we will split the evolution of MIS into five eras. Let’s take a closer look at what changes were effected in each of these eras.First Era: Computing on Mainframe and MinicomputersThis was the era before 1965 when computing was done on large mainframe computers located in large special rooms designed specifically for the computers. This included special temperature control to ensure that the machines always operated in optimum conditions.These computers were operated by teams of technicians and hence the cost of operating them was quite high. As a result, most of the computing was done on a time-sharing basis to meet the high costs of owning and operating these mainframes. The dominant supplier of hardware and software in this era was IBM.With time, technology a dvanced and towards the end of this era, minicomputers were introduced. The minicomputers were significantly smaller and cheaper, hence large companies could afford to own these and do their computing in-house. However, the minicomputers were still very expensive when compared to today’s standards.Second Era: Personal ComputersThis era began in 1965 and was mainly as a result of the introduction of the microprocessor. This meant that companies could now afford cheaper personal computers, which provided access to computing power that would have cost exorbitant amounts of money just one decade before.By mid 1980s, personal computers were becoming much more affordable hence they were made available to the mass markets. The predominant ones at this time were the Apple I and Apple II, and the IBM personal computer, commonly referred to as PC. The PC was friendlier to businesses, which explains why it rose to popularity in those early days.During this era, Management Information Systems started making way into businesses thanks to the development of a spreadsheet application known as VisiCalc (short for “visible calculator”). This application was released originally for the Apple II, but a PC version was also made for the IBM PC when it was produced.This application is considered by many the factor that turned the microcomputer from an expensive gadget for scientists and enthusiasts to an all-important business tool thus paving way for the modern Management Information Systems. Following the success of the VisiCalc, more powerful spreadsheet applications like the Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft’s Multiplan and later Excel.Follow this interview with the developers of VisiCalc. Third Era: Client/Server NetworksWith the widening use of computing in business and advances in technology, more needs came from the business community to ensure a more efficient interaction with information. Since companies were able to computing thanks to reduced costs of computers, better ways had to be sought for making the most out of this computing power.One of the most prominent needs that arose was the need for employees within organizations to share computer information with other employees. The solution was provided by client/server networks that went a long way in enhancing the management information systems we have today.One big step in this era was the development of intranets which were static websites that gave employees access to information that was stored in a central location. This made it possible to work faster and more efficiently because more people could access information on a server as long as their computers were on a common network.Fourth Era: Enterprise ComputingThe fourth era was an improvement of the third era that saw to it that different departments in companies had even better access to information. The main improvement was the introduction of high speed enterprise networks that enabled faster access to information.This provided a bette r and more complete management structure since decision making was easier thanks to the better access of information from different parts of the company. Essentially, the applications used by departments in the company were consolidated and woven together into a single platform that was accessible from the company network.High-speed networks were also added into the mix to increase the efficiency of the platform. This meant that business operations such as finance, accounting, sales, marketing, inventory and even human resource management could be harmonized to ensure cooperation and efficiency throughout the entire company.Although the applications used by different departments differed and measures of access control were introduced to limit access to sensitive company information, this era gave top management officials a complete view of the current standing of the entire business.Fifth Era: Cloud ComputingThis is the current era that employs the latest networking technology to fu rther enhance information processing and access by business officials and management executives. The added element in this era is the fact that the networking technology adds a level of mobility to the systems.This means that irrespective of your location, the configuration that you are using or the hardware that’s available, you will still be able to use business applications and access data stored in company servers. With the improvement of cellphone networks to provide high speed mobile data access and the increase in popularity of Wi-Fi networks, managers have ready access to the Management Information System around the clock hence better decisions can be made faster.This era frees management from the chains of office-bound computers with local network access. With the rise in popularity of mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones and tablet computers, great levels of mobility are achieved while still improving on efficiency.This also calls for a change in management style since the workers will be generally more informed due to the ability to produce and consume more information about the business, giving rise to what’s now known as the knowledge worker. Knowledge workers are more empowered and hence more productive naturally.This means that the command-and-control method of management will no longer be the most effective management style for this worker. As a result, employee autonomy is gradually becoming more and more inevitable.A beginners guide to cloud computing.[slideshare id=44803904doc=cloud101editeddeckfinal-150217155954-conversion-gate02w=710h=400]TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSManagement Information Systems is one out of several information systems that are used in business. To better understand Management Information Systems, let’s look at the different types of information systems available in business.Transaction Processing Systems. These systems have been designed to collect, process and store transactions that occur in the day to da y operations of a company. The system can also be used to cancel or modify transactions done in the past if the need arises. One property of this system that enables them to work effectively is the ability to accurately record multiple transactions even if the different transactions take place simultaneously. They are built to be able to handle large volumes of transactions. Examples include stock control systems, payroll systems, order processing systems etc.Decision Support Systems. These systems help decision makers to make the best decisions by generating statistical projections from analyzed data. Although it does not eliminate the need for the manager’s judgment, it significantly improves the quality of the decision by offering forecasts that help determine the best course of action. These systems compile information from several sources for purposes of aiding in decision making. Examples of these systems include computer supported cooperative work, group decision support sy stems, logistics systems and financial planning systems.Executive Information Systems. Also known as Executive Support System, this is a tool used for reporting enterprise-wide data to top executives. These systems provide quick and easy to use reports that are presented in graphical displays that are easy to compare. They can be taken as specialized decision support systems because they provide information necessary to help improve the quality of decisions. Owing to the high expectations from such a system, these systems need to be highly individualized hence they are usually custom made for specific clients. They are also customizable to fit the specific needs of the clients.Management Information Systems. These systems make use of information technology to help managers ensure a smooth and efficient running of the organization. Information collected by these systems is structured so that the managers can easily evaluate the company’s current performance vis-à-vis previous outp uts. Some of the common types of Management Information Systems include process control systems, human resource management systems, sales and marketing systems, inventory control systems, office automation systems, enterprise resource planning systems, accounting and finance systems and management reporting systems.COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSTo effectively deliver the information needed to decision makers, Management Information Systems need to have the necessary components to collect, process, store and retrieve the information whenever it is needed.To achieve this, these systems use the following four components:Information System. This is a combination of software, hardware, personnel and infrastructure. This component helps in the collection of data that is stored in the MIS. The hardware includes computers, scanners, printers and network devices. The software elements include the company’s enterprise software and any other software that is used in the running of the company’s network. This component makes it possible for employees to interact with the system and thus information can be collectedDatabase Management System. This component is primarily made up of computer programs that help in the storage and retrieval of data. Of course, it also includes the actual physical databases where the information is stored after it has been captured. There are several different database management systems that can be used in Management Information Systems. The suitability of the systems will depend on the amount of data that will need to be processed and stored in the system. There are small database management systems that can comfortably work on personal computers and there are huge ones that will need larger and more complex machines like mainframe computers. Learn more about database technologies.Intelligence System. This component is concerned with processing of the data collected and presenting it in a manner that is easy to comprehend. E verything from the processing of the data to the displaying of the data is designed to give top executives an easy time as they try to make decisions concerning the business. It is sometimes referred to as business intelligence which stores human knowledge and uses the logic to formulate quick solutions for future problems where patterns match.Research System. This component is concerned with identifying the main management problems in the organization and coming up with alternative decisions that could have sufficed in a particular situation. This helps ensure that all the possible options are analyzed and the best decision made. The best decision is not always the most obvious one. This component of Management Information systems ensures that the best decision is reached even in those instances.ROLE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESSThe main role of Management Information Systems is to report on business operations with the purpose of supporting decision making. This is to ensure that the organization is managed in a better and more efficient way so that it can be able to achieve full potential thus gain competitive advantage.Let’s look at some of the other roles played by Management Information Systems in an organization.To provide information readily to company decision makers. Regardless of whether it is a marketing, financial or operational issue, managers need quick access to information so that they can make good decisions that will have a positive impact on the company’s performance. Management Information Systems enhance this by strategically storing vast amounts of information about the company in a central location that can be easily accessed by managers over a network. This means that managers from different departments have access to the same information hence they will be able to make decisions that collectively help solve the company’s problems in the quickest way.Management Information Systems also help in data collection. Dat a from everyday operations in the company is collected and brought together with data from sources outside the organization. This enables a healthy and functional relationship between distributors, retail outlets and any other members of the supply chain. It also helps keep good track of performance since production and sales numbers will be recorded and stored in a central database that can be accessed by all members of the MIS. Access to this information also helps ensure that problems are detected early and decisions are made quickly using the latest information.To promote collaboration in the workplace. In any large company, there are many situations that call for input from several individuals or departments before decisions can be made. Without an efficient communication channel, these decisions can take a very long time. Even with good communication channels, if the different stakeholders don’t have access to all the available data, the process would hit a number of snags b efore it’s complete. Management Information Systems ensure that all the members of the decision-making group have access to all the data that’s required to make the decision even if they are working from different physical locations.To run possible scenarios in different business environments. Before making a decision that will affect the overall standing of the business, a lot of precaution must be taken. There is a need to check and verify that the company will not suffer after making a decision. Management Information Systems enable executives to run what-if scenarios so that they can see how some of the important metrics in the business will be affected by a given decision. The data is presented in easy to understand reports and graphs that make interpretation easy. For example, a human resource manager will be able to tell what will happen to the revenue, production, sales and even profit after reducing the number of workers in a manufacturing department. Another example wo uld be the effect of a price change on profitability. Once executives have been able to see whether or not the decision will be beneficial to the company, it is easier to make good decisions that will not leave the company in chaos.Management Information systems give accurate projections of the company’s standing in the short and long term. Most of the decisions made by top executives in companies have an effect on the company strategies. As a result, some of them may need some modifications done on the company goals or strategies. Most Management Information Systems come with trend analysis features that will enable you to project the performance of a business with the current configuration and how they will be affected once you have implemented any changes that you are considering. The Management Information Systems that don’t have the trend analysis feature will still provide you with enough information to accurately carry out the analysis using external tools.Management Info rmation Systems help track the implementation of particular decisions in a company. Before making a decision, executives use these systems to make projections of the expectations from the particular decision. If they decide to go ahead with the changes, there will be a need to keep monitoring the performance to see if you are on track to achieving the desired results. Management Information Systems give detailed reports and recommendations so that the evaluation of the goals moves smoothly and effectively. You get data that shows if your decisions have had the desired effect. If not, you will be able to take the necessary corrective measures early so that you can get back on track.To improve on the company’s reporting. One of the reasons why Management Information Systems are favored by large companies is the effectiveness of the reporting features. The decisions can be made quickly because the information is presented in an easy to understand format. The fact that the system is a ccessible by people from different parts of the organization makes it an effective reporting and communication tool. Findings can be shared among colleagues with all the necessary supplementary data. It is also possible to create brief executive summaries that sum up the whole situation for review by senior company executives in situations that need their approval.ADVANTAGES OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSThere are many benefits that come with applying Management Information Systems. Some of these benefits help make work easier for management while the rest of them help the organization as a whole.Let’s take a closer look and see what you stand to gain from having a MIS.All stakeholders in the company have access to one single database that holds all the data that will be needed in day to day operations. If the MIS is used for project management, the contractor, client and consultant will be able to achieve a high level of transparency hence it will be easy to develop trust. Ope rations will also be smoother because information will always be readily available and data collection methods like forms or questionnaires will be standardized.Employees and other stakeholders in the organization will be able to spend more time doing productive tasks. This is because a big chunk of their time is saved thanks to the more efficient information system. This time would have otherwise been spent setting up or retrieving traditional information recording systems such as forms and files. As a result, the company is able to save on manpower costs, while at the same time producing more output in a fixed time span will now be spent productively.Another benefit of Management Information Systems is that they bring the power of data processing tools that help significantly improve the quality of decisions made in the company. A majority of Management Information Systems have built-in data processing tools that are able to draw conclusions based on the inputs received from the d ifferent sources. This helps make better plans for material management, manpower allocation and even the overall execution of the project.Owing to the flexibility that is brought by the use of mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones, Management Information Systems ensure that employees have easier and closer interaction with information about the progress of any process within the organization. This also ensures a higher degree of accuracy in data collection since it will be possible to record the progress in smaller milestones throughout the day on mobile devices as opposed to recording once at the end of the day. As a result, management is able to get a better idea of the progress due to the availability of the latest information.Inputs and modifications in these systems are logged and the authors noted. The time when the change has been made is also recorded for future reference. This means that the company is able to achieve a higher degree of accountability sinc e all the actions can always be tracked back to the particular individuals who initiated them. This also means that the best performing employees can also be easily identified since information such as production numbers per shift and sales reports are always available and well presented in the system.Management Information Systems help reduce the amount of paperwork that departments have to deal with thanks to the central database that’s accessible from the company network. This means that in addition to making processes simpler and faster, the company is able to go paperless while at the same time reducing its carbon footprint. The bills also go down since the need for items like plain papers, ink and toner cartridges will be reduced significantly. Transportation costs are also reduced since there will be no need for shipping documents back and forth for approval and signatures. Shelf space will be saved and used for other tasks. Company wastes will also be reduced when the comp any goes paperless.Reports make it easy for companies to easily identify their strengths and weaknesses in carrying out various tasks. Management Information Systems provide revenue reports, performance reports for employees, expenses tracking reports and many others. When companies use these reports, they are able to improve their operations.From a top executive perspective, Management Information Systems help give an overall impression of where the company stands financially. These systems can also give overall status reports for specific projects within the organization. This enables top executives and managers to easily tell if the company is on track towards achieving its goals.Most Management Information Systems provide a channel for customers to collect and store vital data and feedback from customers. With this data, companies can easily adjust their products and marketing campaigns to better suit the needs of the customers hence improving on sales.With management informatio n systems, a company gains competitive advantage. This is because operations are faster and smoother and thus results are achieved faster and more efficiently. Customers will be happy with the service delivery because they will be getting the answers that they seek faster and employees will be motivated because most of the tasks will become easier with better access to data.MIS helps eliminate redundant roles. When information is stored efficiently, it’s possible to identify parts of a system that are unnecessary. This means that any efforts that were duplicated are eliminated hence the company is able to better use the available resources.CHALLENGES WHEN APPLYING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESSEven with the numerous benefits, there are a number of challenges that companies are likely to face when applying Management Information Systems in their businesses.The first challenge is in the cost of equipment. For a big company to successfully incorporate a Management Informa tion system, there is a need to purchase devices that the employees and management executives will be using to interact with the system. These devices include servers, tablets, laptops and desktop computers. In addition, the company needs to invest in a good network that will connect these devices in order for the system to work effectively.Training of the workforce can also become a problem when applying Management Information Systems in a company. Without a proper understanding of how the system works, it can be hard to reap the full benefits of using it. This therefore makes it necessary for the company to ensure that employees and their managers are well trained on how to use the system. This can be an expensive and time consuming exercise.The systems are expensive to purchase. Owing to the unique needs of each organization, Management Information Systems have to be customized for each company. This means that there has to be brainstorming sessions where the vendors sit with man agement officials seeking to understand the needs before they can develop the system. As a result, the cost of the system goes up, thus taking it out of reach for small and medium companies.Many companies end up purchasing systems that lack the features they need most. As mentioned earlier, each company has its own unique needs when it comes to Management Information Systems. When you purchase a system that is not meant for your company, you will have better access to data that doesn’t help improve your operations. As a result, you will not be able to get the best return on investment.There is also a need for trained personnel to keep the system in good working order at all times. Like any other system, management information systems need proper maintenance in order for them to produce the best results. This means that you will need to add specialized personnel for system maintenance in your company. Without these people, using the system will be a challenge since errors will go u nresolved and this will result in inefficiencies in the operations.Management Information Systems are heavily affected by large changes in the company. This means that before you make any change in the way you run the company, there will be a need to consider the impact of the changes on the information system. Sometimes, it becomes impossible to make some changes without changing the Management Information Systems hence having the system in place ends up being a limitation. However, most small changes should easily be incorporated in a good MIS.Management Information Systems will result in the loss of employment for a number of employees in a company. People like office messengers and traditional registry clerks will need to be reduced or eliminated after the system has been incorporated since some of these tasks will be automatically done on the system. These employees will not be happy about the changes and this can easily result in lawsuits or other problems with trade unions wh en large numbers of employees are retrenched.TIPS FOR EFFECTIVELY APPLYING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN A BUSINESS Management Information System, commonly referred to as MIS is a phrase consisting of three words: management, information and systems. Looking at these three words, it’s easy to define Management Information Systems as systems that provide information to management.That is the simple definition of MIS that generally sums up what a Management Information System is, and what it should do. However, its role and impact on the smooth operation of a company can never be overemphasized. That is the reason why every successful company makes use of these systems in one way or another.The reason why Management Information Systems are very important in the day to day operation of companies is because these systems work with people, organizations, technology and relationships among the people and organizations affecting the company.This means that when properly implemented, Management Information Systems will help achieve a high level of efficiency in a company’s management operations. © Shutterstock.com | one photoThis explains why MIS degrees are in high demand globally since the graduates have practical knowledge that will help them develop more efficient solutions thanks to their systems perspective of business processes developed in their training in Management Information Systems.In the decade between 2014 and 2024, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that MIS professionals, and specifically database administrators, should expect the highest job growth when compared to all the other occupations.In this guide, we explore 1) the history of Management Information Systems, 2) types of information systems, 3) components of Management Information Systems, 4) its role in business, 5) common advantages and disadvantages of using MIS, and 6) tips for effeccctively applying MIS in your business.HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSOwing to the strong link between Management Information Systems and technology, the history of these systems goes hand in hand w ith the history of computing technology.With that said, we will split the evolution of MIS into five eras. Let’s take a closer look at what changes were effected in each of these eras.First Era: Computing on Mainframe and MinicomputersThis was the era before 1965 when computing was done on large mainframe computers located in large special rooms designed specifically for the computers. This included special temperature control to ensure that the machines always operated in optimum conditions.These computers were operated by teams of technicians and hence the cost of operating them was quite high. As a result, most of the computing was done on a time-sharing basis to meet the high costs of owning and operating these mainframes. The dominant supplier of hardware and software in this era was IBM.With time, technology advanced and towards the end of this era, minicomputers were introduced. The minicomputers were significantly smaller and cheaper, hence large companies could afford to own these and do their computing in-house. However, the minicomputers were still very expensive when compared to today’s standards.Second Era: Personal ComputersThis era began in 1965 and was mainly as a result of the introduction of the microprocessor. This meant that companies could now afford cheaper personal computers, which provided access to computing power that would have cost exorbitant amounts of money just one decade before.By mid 1980s, personal computers were becoming much more affordable hence they were made available to the mass markets. The predominant ones at this time were the Apple I and Apple II, and the IBM personal computer, commonly referred to as PC. The PC was friendlier to businesses, which explains why it rose to popularity in those early days.During this era, Management Information Systems started making way into businesses thanks to the development of a spreadsheet application known as VisiCalc (short for “visible calculator”). This application was released originally for the Apple II, but a PC version was also made for the IBM PC when it was produced.This application is considered by many the factor that turned the microcomputer from an expensive gadget for scientists and enthusiasts to an all-important business tool thus paving way for the modern Management Information Systems. Following the success of the VisiCalc, more powerful spreadsheet applications like the Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft’s Multiplan and later Excel.Follow this interview with the developers of VisiCalc. Third Era: Client/Server NetworksWith the widening use of computing in business and advances in technology, more needs came from the business community to ensure a more efficient interaction with information. Since companies were able to computing thanks to reduced costs of computers, better ways had to be sought for making the most out of this computing power.One of the most prominent needs that arose was the need for employees within organizations to shar e computer information with other employees. The solution was provided by client/server networks that went a long way in enhancing the management information systems we have today.One big step in this era was the development of intranets which were static websites that gave employees access to information that was stored in a central location. This made it possible to work faster and more efficiently because more people could access information on a server as long as their computers were on a common network.Fourth Era: Enterprise ComputingThe fourth era was an improvement of the third era that saw to it that different departments in companies had even better access to information. The main improvement was the introduction of high speed enterprise networks that enabled faster access to information.This provided a better and more complete management structure since decision making was easier thanks to the better access of information from different parts of the company. Essentially, t he applications used by departments in the company were consolidated and woven together into a single platform that was accessible from the company network.High-speed networks were also added into the mix to increase the efficiency of the platform. This meant that business operations such as finance, accounting, sales, marketing, inventory and even human resource management could be harmonized to ensure cooperation and efficiency throughout the entire company.Although the applications used by different departments differed and measures of access control were introduced to limit access to sensitive company information, this era gave top management officials a complete view of the current standing of the entire business.Fifth Era: Cloud ComputingThis is the current era that employs the latest networking technology to further enhance information processing and access by business officials and management executives. The added element in this era is the fact that the networking technolog y adds a level of mobility to the systems.This means that irrespective of your location, the configuration that you are using or the hardware that’s available, you will still be able to use business applications and access data stored in company servers. With the improvement of cellphone networks to provide high speed mobile data access and the increase in popularity of Wi-Fi networks, managers have ready access to the Management Information System around the clock hence better decisions can be made faster.This era frees management from the chains of office-bound computers with local network access. With the rise in popularity of mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones and tablet computers, great levels of mobility are achieved while still improving on efficiency.This also calls for a change in management style since the workers will be generally more informed due to the ability to produce and consume more information about the business, giving rise to what’s now known as th e knowledge worker. Knowledge workers are more empowered and hence more productive naturally.This means that the command-and-control method of management will no longer be the most effective management style for this worker. As a result, employee autonomy is gradually becoming more and more inevitable.A beginners guide to cloud computing.[slideshare id=44803904doc=cloud101editeddeckfinal-150217155954-conversion-gate02w=710h=400]TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSManagement Information Systems is one out of several information systems that are used in business. To better understand Management Information Systems, let’s look at the different types of information systems available in business.Transaction Processing Systems. These systems have been designed to collect, process and store transactions that occur in the day to day operations of a company. The system can also be used to cancel or modify transactions done in the past if the need arises. One property of this system that enables th em to work effectively is the ability to accurately record multiple transactions even if the different transactions take place simultaneously. They are built to be able to handle large volumes of transactions. Examples include stock control systems, payroll systems, order processing systems etc.Decision Support Systems. These systems help decision makers to make the best decisions by generating statistical projections from analyzed data. Although it does not eliminate the need for the manager’s judgment, it significantly improves the quality of the decision by offering forecasts that help determine the best course of action. These systems compile information from several sources for purposes of aiding in decision making. Examples of these systems include computer supported cooperative work, group decision support systems, logistics systems and financial planning systems.Executive Information Systems. Also known as Executive Support System, this is a tool used for reporting enterpr ise-wide data to top executives. These systems provide quick and easy to use reports that are presented in graphical displays that are easy to compare. They can be taken as specialized decision support systems because they provide information necessary to help improve the quality of decisions. Owing to the high expectations from such a system, these systems need to be highly individualized hence they are usually custom made for specific clients. They are also customizable to fit the specific needs of the clients.Management Information Systems. These systems make use of information technology to help managers ensure a smooth and efficient running of the organization. Information collected by these systems is structured so that the managers can easily evaluate the company’s current performance vis-à-vis previous outputs. Some of the common types of Management Information Systems include process control systems, human resource management systems, sales and marketing systems, invento ry control systems, office automation systems, enterprise resource planning systems, accounting and finance systems and management reporting systems.COMPONENTS OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSTo effectively deliver the information needed to decision makers, Management Information Systems need to have the necessary components to collect, process, store and retrieve the information whenever it is needed.To achieve this, these systems use the following four components:Information System. This is a combination of software, hardware, personnel and infrastructure. This component helps in the collection of data that is stored in the MIS. The hardware includes computers, scanners, printers and network devices. The software elements include the company’s enterprise software and any other software that is used in the running of the company’s network. This component makes it possible for employees to interact with the system and thus information can be collectedDatabase Management System. This component is primarily made up of computer programs that help in the storage and retrieval of data. Of course, it also includes the actual physical databases where the information is stored after it has been captured. There are several different database management systems that can be used in Management Information Systems. The suitability of the systems will depend on the amount of data that will need to be processed and stored in the system. There are small database management systems that can comfortably work on personal computers and there are huge ones that will need larger and more complex machines like mainframe computers. Learn more about database technologies.Intelligence System. This component is concerned with processing of the data collected and presenting it in a manner that is easy to comprehend. Everything from the processing of the data to the displaying of the data is designed to give top executives an easy time as they try to make decisions concerning the bus iness. It is sometimes referred to as business intelligence which stores human knowledge and uses the logic to formulate quick solutions for future problems where patterns match.Research System. This component is concerned with identifying the main management problems in the organization and coming up with alternative decisions that could have sufficed in a particular situation. This helps ensure that all the possible options are analyzed and the best decision made. The best decision is not always the most obvious one. This component of Management Information systems ensures that the best decision is reached even in those instances.ROLE OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESSThe main role of Management Information Systems is to report on business operations with the purpose of supporting decision making. This is to ensure that the organization is managed in a better and more efficient way so that it can be able to achieve full potential thus gain competitive advantage.Let’s look at some of the other roles played by Management Information Systems in an organization.To provide information readily to company decision makers. Regardless of whether it is a marketing, financial or operational issue, managers need quick access to information so that they can make good decisions that will have a positive impact on the company’s performance. Management Information Systems enhance this by strategically storing vast amounts of information about the company in a central location that can be easily accessed by managers over a network. This means that managers from different departments have access to the same information hence they will be able to make decisions that collectively help solve the company’s problems in the quickest way.Management Information Systems also help in data collection. Data from everyday operations in the company is collected and brought together with data from sources outside the organization. This enables a healthy and functional relat ionship between distributors, retail outlets and any other members of the supply chain. It also helps keep good track of performance since production and sales numbers will be recorded and stored in a central database that can be accessed by all members of the MIS. Access to this information also helps ensure that problems are detected early and decisions are made quickly using the latest information.To promote collaboration in the workplace. In any large company, there are many situations that call for input from several individuals or departments before decisions can be made. Without an efficient communication channel, these decisions can take a very long time. Even with good communication channels, if the different stakeholders don’t have access to all the available data, the process would hit a number of snags before it’s complete. Management Information Systems ensure that all the members of the decision-making group have access to all the data that’s required to make the decision even if they are working from different physical locations.To run possible scenarios in different business environments. Before making a decision that will affect the overall standing of the business, a lot of precaution must be taken. There is a need to check and verify that the company will not suffer after making a decision. Management Information Systems enable executives to run what-if scenarios so that they can see how some of the important metrics in the business will be affected by a given decision. The data is presented in easy to understand reports and graphs that make interpretation easy. For example, a human resource manager will be able to tell what will happen to the revenue, production, sales and even profit after reducing the number of workers in a manufacturing department. Another example would be the effect of a price change on profitability. Once executives have been able to see whether or not the decision will be beneficial to the company, it is easier to make good decisions that will not leave the company in chaos.Management Information systems give accurate projections of the company’s standing in the short and long term. Most of the decisions made by top executives in companies have an effect on the company strategies. As a result, some of them may need some modifications done on the company goals or strategies. Most Management Information Systems come with trend analysis features that will enable you to project the performance of a business with the current configuration and how they will be affected once you have implemented any changes that you are considering. The Management Information Systems that don’t have the trend analysis feature will still provide you with enough information to accurately carry out the analysis using external tools.Management Information Systems help track the implementation of particular decisions in a company. Before making a decision, executives use these systems to make projections of the ex pectations from the particular decision. If they decide to go ahead with the changes, there will be a need to keep monitoring the performance to see if you are on track to achieving the desired results. Management Information Systems give detailed reports and recommendations so that the evaluation of the goals moves smoothly and effectively. You get data that shows if your decisions have had the desired effect. If not, you will be able to take the necessary corrective measures early so that you can get back on track.To improve on the company’s reporting. One of the reasons why Management Information Systems are favored by large companies is the effectiveness of the reporting features. The decisions can be made quickly because the information is presented in an easy to understand format. The fact that the system is accessible by people from different parts of the organization makes it an effective reporting and communication tool. Findings can be shared among colleagues with all th e necessary supplementary data. It is also possible to create brief executive summaries that sum up the whole situation for review by senior company executives in situations that need their approval.ADVANTAGES OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSThere are many benefits that come with applying Management Information Systems. Some of these benefits help make work easier for management while the rest of them help the organization as a whole.Let’s take a closer look and see what you stand to gain from having a MIS.All stakeholders in the company have access to one single database that holds all the data that will be needed in day to day operations. If the MIS is used for project management, the contractor, client and consultant will be able to achieve a high level of transparency hence it will be easy to develop trust. Operations will also be smoother because information will always be readily available and data collection methods like forms or questionnaires will be standardized.Employe es and other stakeholders in the organization will be able to spend more time doing productive tasks. This is because a big chunk of their time is saved thanks to the more efficient information system. This time would have otherwise been spent setting up or retrieving traditional information recording systems such as forms and files. As a result, the company is able to save on manpower costs, while at the same time producing more output in a fixed time span will now be spent productively.Another benefit of Management Information Systems is that they bring the power of data processing tools that help significantly improve the quality of decisions made in the company. A majority of Management Information Systems have built-in data processing tools that are able to draw conclusions based on the inputs received from the different sources. This helps make better plans for material management, manpower allocation and even the overall execution of the project.Owing to the flexibility that is brought by the use of mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones, Management Information Systems ensure that employees have easier and closer interaction with information about the progress of any process within the organization. This also ensures a higher degree of accuracy in data collection since it will be possible to record the progress in smaller milestones throughout the day on mobile devices as opposed to recording once at the end of the day. As a result, management is able to get a better idea of the progress due to the availability of the latest information.Inputs and modifications in these systems are logged and the authors noted. The time when the change has been made is also recorded for future reference. This means that the company is able to achieve a higher degree of accountability since all the actions can always be tracked back to the particular individuals who initiated them. This also means that the best performing employees can also be easily ide ntified since information such as production numbers per shift and sales reports are always available and well presented in the system.Management Information Systems help reduce the amount of paperwork that departments have to deal with thanks to the central database that’s accessible from the company network. This means that in addition to making processes simpler and faster, the company is able to go paperless while at the same time reducing its carbon footprint. The bills also go down since the need for items like plain papers, ink and toner cartridges will be reduced significantly. Transportation costs are also reduced since there will be no need for shipping documents back and forth for approval and signatures. Shelf space will be saved and used for other tasks. Company wastes will also be reduced when the company goes paperless.Reports make it easy for companies to easily identify their strengths and weaknesses in carrying out various tasks. Management Information Systems pr ovide revenue reports, performance reports for employees, expenses tracking reports and many others. When companies use these reports, they are able to improve their operations.From a top executive perspective, Management Information Systems help give an overall impression of where the company stands financially. These systems can also give overall status reports for specific projects within the organization. This enables top executives and managers to easily tell if the company is on track towards achieving its goals.Most Management Information Systems provide a channel for customers to collect and store vital data and feedback from customers. With this data, companies can easily adjust their products and marketing campaigns to better suit the needs of the customers hence improving on sales.With management information systems, a company gains competitive advantage. This is because operations are faster and smoother and thus results are achieved faster and more efficiently. Customer s will be happy with the service delivery because they will be getting the answers that they seek faster and employees will be motivated because most of the tasks will become easier with better access to data.MIS helps eliminate redundant roles. When information is stored efficiently, it’s possible to identify parts of a system that are unnecessary. This means that any efforts that were duplicated are eliminated hence the company is able to better use the available resources.CHALLENGES WHEN APPLYING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESSEven with the numerous benefits, there are a number of challenges that companies are likely to face when applying Management Information Systems in their businesses.The first challenge is in the cost of equipment. For a big company to successfully incorporate a Management Information system, there is a need to purchase devices that the employees and management executives will be using to interact with the system. These devices include servers, tablets, laptops and desktop computers. In addition, the company needs to invest in a good network that will connect these devices in order for the system to work effectively.Training of the workforce can also become a problem when applying Management Information Systems in a company. Without a proper understanding of how the system works, it can be hard to reap the full benefits of using it. This therefore makes it necessary for the company to ensure that employees and their managers are well trained on how to use the system. This can be an expensive and time consuming exercise.The systems are expensive to purchase. Owing to the unique needs of each organization, Management Information Systems have to be customized for each company. This means that there has to be brainstorming sessions where the vendors sit with management officials seeking to understand the needs before they can develop the system. As a result, the cost of the system goes up, thus taking it out of reach for small and medium companies.Many companies end up purchasing systems that lack the features they need most. As mentioned earlier, each company has its own unique needs when it comes to Management Information Systems. When you purchase a system that is not meant for your company, you will have better access to data that doesn’t help improve your operations. As a result, you will not be able to get the best return on investment.There is also a need for trained personnel to keep the system in good working order at all times. Like any other system, management information systems need proper maintenance in order for them to produce the best results. This means that you will need to add specialized personnel for system maintenance in your company. Without these people, using the system will be a challenge since errors will go unresolved and this will result in inefficiencies in the operations.Management Information Systems are heavily affected by large changes in the company. This means that before you make any change in the way you run the company, there will be a need to consider the impact of the changes on the information system. Sometimes, it becomes impossible to make some changes without changing the Management Information Systems hence having the system in place ends up being a limitation. However, most small changes should easily be incorporated in a good MIS.Management Information Systems will result in the loss of employment for a number of employees in a company. People like office messengers and traditional registry clerks will need to be reduced or eliminated after the system has been incorporated since some of these tasks will be automatically done on the system. These employees will not be happy about the changes and this can easily result in lawsuits or other problems with trade unions when large numbers of employees are retrenched.TIPS FOR EFFECTIVELY APPLYING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN A BUSINESSEven with the challenges, it goes without saying that installing a Management Information System is the way to go for businesses to perform better.This means that companies should find a way of working around the challenges. Here are a number of tips that will help ensure a successful and smooth transition.Know your needs from the outsetThis is the first step towards getting an effective system. Before you even start looking for a vendor, it’s important to first ensure that you know exactly what type of system you want for your company. Make a portfolio score card that is in line with the goals that you have as a company.This score card should define the objectives and the key performance indicators that you will be using to evaluate your success as a company. This is what you will go with to the vendors.Evaluate a number of vendorsOnce you have established what you need, it’s time to talk to a number of vendors in the market.Find out about their costs for the system and any additional benefits that you will get when you purch ase the system from them. Some of the things to look out for include support, installation, updates and training of employees on how to use the system.The vendor to choose is the one who offers the system that you need and at the same time, one who will give you the best after sales service to ensure that you have an easy time using the system.Train your employees wellDon’t assume that your employees will figure out how to use the system once it is in place. Remember, the quality of the decisions made by management from using the MIS will be determined to a large extent by the data that has been captured by employees.This means that you need to put all the necessary measures in place to ensure that these employees do a good job.Invest in reliable devices across your companyInvesting in enough devices improves the accessibility of the system. This ensures that more data is tracked and as a result, more of it is accessible to management.Better accessibility also reduces the time tak en for data to be entered in the system and as a result making it available faster.Get a system that only has the features that you needInstead of investing in a complicated system that is expensive to run and tracks large volumes of data that you don’t need, you should go for something that addresses the immediate needs of your company’s management.This way, you will not have to pay too much for the system and at the same time, you will not take your workforce through a complicated and unnecessary training process. You will also reduce the chances of errors arising in the use of the system since the features and functions will be easy to understand.Make sure that you choose a system that is adaptable to changesThe system that you choose should be able to adapt to changes in the company. With time, you might need to change the personnel handling different tasks in the system or the reports that you will need the system to generate.It is important to ensure that the system is abl e to handle these small but frequent changes easily without having to contact the developer. If there will be a need to contact the developer, like in the event of large changes, you should discuss this early before you make the decision to purchase the system.However, most small changes should be effected in-house.Be prepared for the changesIncorporating a Management Information System in your business is a big step that will result in many changes in your operations. Be prepared for these changes and prepare your workforce for them.You will need to train your employees, move some of them from one department to another or even adjusting job descriptions to eliminate redundancy in tasks.

Fast Essay Writing Tips How to Write an Essay in an Hour

Essay writing is a skill that every learner ought to have since essays form a great part of one’s grade in institutions of higher learning. In addition, it is important to have the right skills to enable you write your essay very fast as in most of the cases, you will be required to submit your essay within a limited timeframe. There are a couple of reasons why you may be in need to write an essay on such tight deadlines. While it appears a daunting task to write an essay in an hour or lesser time, with the right skills and plan, you will find that it is possible. However, you need to understand that a high-quality paper is best written when you have plenty of time. For this reason, try as much as possible to avoid writing your essay in such a rush. In a case there is not alternative and you have to finish your essay within a period of sixty minutes, then this article provides you will   tips on how write an essay in an hour. How to start the writing process Starting the essay writing process is one of the important aspects that you need to put a lot of consideration since it sets you off. How do I start writing my essay? This is a common question among fist-time essay writers especially in a case where time is limited. If you find yourself not in a position to deliver your essay within the provided time, you can liaise with us since we provide help writing essay in an hour to clients from different parts of the world. Just contact us with the subject line as â€Å"write my essay in an hour† and we will get your sorted. However, where you are determined to do it yourself, here are a few tips to get your started: First, do not panic; you need to be as calm as possible as panicking will deprive you off any ability to think and write coherently. Ensure that you are in a comfortable place free of any distractions. You can start by switching off any noisy things such as cell phone and TV. This approach ensures that you only concentrate to the writing process. Think about the appropriate subject to write about. Here, you are required to come up with a topic that interests you and which, you are sure to offer your best at the limited time. After you have identified your topic do not start yet, take a few minutes thinking about the topic as well as to compose yourself. How to write fast Now that you have identified the topic that your essay should be about, the next step is to think of how to write fast for a chance to ensure that you submit your essay on time. To help you write your essay fast, you need to come up with a clear plan to follow. For example, you can make a list of key phrases or words that clearly describe your topic. Such an approach will help you come up with a strong thesis statement, catchy introduction, strong arguments and supporting ideas and eventually, a convincing conclusion. However, you need to be aware of the type of essay that you are required to write, as well as the assignment’s instructions. For example, you might be required to write an essay based on a book that you read or are required to read. In such cases, making notes while reading would greatly help you write your essay fast. Preparing effectively will help you come up with a high-quality essay within the shortest time. Therefore, take your time to go through the necessary aspects of your topic before you start the actual writing process. This approach will not only ensure that you complete a successful essay but will also help you do so within the stipulated time. Outlining Having an outline helps you to allocate time and word count to given sections of the subject that you are addressing. As such, the outline works best in ensuring that you cover the important elements of your topic within the shortest time possible. The outline that you develop will be based on the type of essay that you are handling and the assignment’s instructions. When developing your outline, you need to put a lot of emphasis on your topic’s keywords and phrases since these provide you with a guide on how to address the entire topic. Start with a thesis statement and a hook for the introduction. Next, make a list of important arguments and/or main points that you will cover in the three paragraphs for the body. In addition, sketch on the expected summary of the main points for your conclusion after you have restated your thesis statement and lastly, make a call to action remark. What you should follow Prior preparation gets you started off, as you have a clear picture of what approach your introduction, body, and conclusion should take. Therefore, it is time to start writing your essay keeping in mind the deadline. Here are a few tips which can be instrumental on how to write a 3 page essay  in 2 hours: The introduction section of your essay should be as short and precise as possible. However, this is not to say that you fail to cover the necessary points on claims that you are trying to keep the introduction short. Ensure that you start with general details about your topic before entering into specific details but ensure that you have examples for every claim or argument that you include. For once, do not think about the writing style or the need to ensure that your sentences have the right structure and are grammatically correct; have the content first. However, your sentences should connect with one another to maintain the necessary coherence. Lastly, remember that you are working under limited time and hence, keep your eye on the clock. Introduction Follow your outline to develop a catchy introduction. Therefore, start with developing a desire among you target audience to read the entire paper by having a strong thesis and a hook. You can decide to start your introduction with a question, a quote, or even the end of a given story. Such an approach creates an anxiety in your readers which prompts them to read your essay further. Ensure that you have a short introduction that provides a brief overview of the subject that you are addressing. More details of the subject will come later in the body of your paper. Since you developed your outline as well as identified the keywords and phrases to use, writing the introduction should take the shortest time possible. Body The body of your essay is where you should cover everything; this is where you address all the topic’s main points. Remember to back up your arguments with supporting ideas and information. In addition, a high-quality essay should have clear citation. Attribute any information that you use in the paper that is not yours to its rightful source and author using the correct citation style. Conclusion End your paper with a conclusion. First, restate your thesis statement and then provide a summary of all the main points and ideas that you have discussed in the paper. Lastly, provide a call-to-action or the implication of your arguments. Check your clock to establish the remaining time and take a few minutes to revise and edit your paper.

Future of Modernization - 1108 Words

Adopting modern ways and new ideas move people forward by building on foundations of traditions. When traditions are lost, modernization sets in. Modernization is when technology blends with culture and they exist together in a contemporary time period. The main issue with modernization is that it is a continuing cycle of innovations and change that never cease and force the loss of traditions. There are four key concepts which help explain how modernization manifests; first, the decline of small, traditional communities, second, the increase of social diversity, third, the expansion of personal choice and lastly, a growing awareness of time give an overview of changes in the past century (Macionis, 2006). The decline of the small,†¦show more content†¦His theory on modernity encompasses the weakened small communities described by Tonnies, the increased division of labor proclaimed by Durkheim and the rational world view as spoken by Weber. Marx believed that these are by-products of capitalism because the population is drawn to the cities, factories and the ever present need for making money (Macionis, 2006). In 1844, Marx composed a set of four manuscripts that represented his philosophical thoughts which included man’s disjunction, alienation and individuality. These texts represented Marx thoughts on good and evil, man and God, creativity and greed and man’s self-alienation. His theories, according to Louis Wasserman, appear to be that of a religious moralist in one of the earliest of the four manuscripts. Later, a more mature Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto which shows a difference in tone and a shift from individuals to class and a change from self-alienation to alienation of the economic classes (Wasserman, 1962). The basic premise of the manifesto is that of Marx’s earlier works. Marx became a major figure along with Weber and Durkheim in the development of sociology; however, sociologists within the United States did not recognize his work until the 1960’s. Many believe this dismissal of his work is due to the politics of his ideas instead of the educational value of his work. Marx spent his life alienating people and governments by just being himself and expressing his ideas. Marx’sShow MoreRelatedFuture of Modernization710 Words   |  3 PagesFuture of Modernization SOC/120 May 4, 2013 University of Phoenix Future of Modernization Modernization in the United States has four traits which were identified by Peter Berger in 1977. The first trait was the decline of small, isolated communities. Approximately one hundred years ago there were 40% of Americans living in cities. Today, 80% of the population lives in cities. The next trait is the expansion of personal choice. Most people choose their lifestyles instead of allowingRead MoreFuture of Modernization1232 Words   |  5 PagesFuture of Modernization William Watkins SOC / 120 January 22, 2012 Brenda Miller As we begin to ponder the future of modernization, and the possible consequences that are apt to occur, perhaps we should first revisit the definition of modernization. To this end we can start by saying that modernization is thought of as a concept that states that the development of societies can be considered as a standard evolutionary pattern that has a tendency to stimulate growth. It can also be consideredRead MoreModernization Theory And Its Impact On The Future Of Turkey s Democratic Institutions964 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishes a functioning society, whose members knows the law and must comply. Those who choose not comply with the law know that the judicial branch will remedy the injustice in society. 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Whereas socio-cultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and Telfer D., 2002). Concerning tourism development, the socio-cultural changes which occur in the community are more often than not seen as